Narrow Results

The following sections are included:

• Summary

• The Aging Process in Mice

• Mouse Models of Longevity

• Murine Reverse Genetics and Aging Research

• The p66^shcA Protein

• The Ablation of p66^ShcA Increases Lifespan in Mice

• Mammalian Aging Inducer Genes

• Conclusions

• References

The following sections are included:

• Summary

• The Role of Oxidative Stress in Aging

• Reducing Oxidative Stress — Lowering Exposure to Environmental Oxidants

• Reducing Oxidative Stress — Lower the In Vivo Generation of Oxidative Free Radicals

• Reducing Oxidative Stress — Increase the In Vivo Levels of Antioxidant Defenses

• Clinical Trials on Nutritional Supplements that May Reduce Oxidative Stress

• Extending Lifespan by Lowering Insulin and Glucose Levels

• Dietary Changes and Nutritional Supplements that Counteract

• Age-Related Diseases

• Conclusions

• References

Although metallothioneins (MTs) were discovered nearly 40 years ago, their functional role has still not been completely clarified. The role of MTs in the central nervous system has in particular become an intense focus of scientific research. Many papers have confirmed the active and peculiar role played by these proteins in neurodegenerative disorders, even if contrasting results are still present. The involvement of MTs in various neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Binswanger's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion protein disease) is herein reported.