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We investigated the effects of different operating temperatures on the performance of transport critical current density, J_c, for MgB₂ + 10 wt%C₄H₆O₅MgB₂/Fe wires. It was shown that the J_c values of the malic acid doped wires sintered at 900°C reached 10⁴ Acm^-2 at 20 K and 5 T. The J_c value extrapolated to 2 T and 20 K exceeds the practical level of 10⁵ Acm^-2. According to the Kramer plots, the pinning force, F_K = J_c^1/2 x B^1/4, is expected to be a linear function of magnetic field B. The irreversibility field, B_irr, at which extrapolated F_K reaches zero, was 1.8 T at 32.8 K, 2.8 T at 30 K, 5.7 T at 25 K, 8.6 T at 20 K, and 12.5 T at 15 K, respectively.

We propose a novel stress sensing methods using water soluble, sugar-displaying quantum dot and digitonin-permeabilized semi-intact HeLa cells. The amount of GlcNAc-QDs (N-acetylglucosamine-displaying quantum dots) binding to heavy metal ion exposed cells was investigated by fluorescence intensity, and it increased in a dose-dependent manner. This result suggests that GlcNAc-QD could be applied for a new stress sensing probe.

Using a Cu(I)-catalyzed carbohydrate azide-alkynylphenylporphyrin cycloaddition (the so-called "click" chemistry), we have synthesized in high yields, a series of four new porphyrin-carbohydrate conjugates containing either one or four galactose or lactose moieties linked via triazole units to a meso-phenyl group of a TPP or tetrabenzoporphyrin (TBP) macrocycle. The time-dependent uptake and subcellular distribution of this series of porphyrin-carbohydrate conjugates were evaluated in human carcinoma HEp2 cells. While the three TPP conjugates accumulated to a similar extent within cells and localized mainly in the ER and endosomes, the TBP-galactose conju gate was the one most efficiently taken up by the HEp2 cells, accumulating approximately 5 times more than the TPP conjugates, and localized preferentially within the cell lysosomes.

Carbohydrates on cell surfaces play a crucial role in a wide variety of biological processes, including cell adhesion, recognition and signaling, viral and bacterial infection, inflammation and metastasis. However, owing to the large diversity and complexity of carbohydrate structure and nongenetically synthesis, glycoscience is the least understood field compared with genomics and proteomics. Although the structures and functions of carbohydrates have been investigated by various conventional analysis methods, the distribution and role of carbohydrates in cell membranes remain elusive. This review focuses on the developments and challenges of super-resolution imaging in glycoscience through introduction of imaging principle and the available fluorescent probes for super-resolution imaging, the labeling strategies of carbohydrates, and the recent applications of super-resolution imaging in glycoscience, which will promote the super-resolution imaging technology as a promising tool to provide new insights into the study of glycoscience.

This manuscript describes a general and simple method to carbon-coat quantum dots (QDs) using microwave-assisted technology. By coating QDs with carbohydrates, you extend their application for bioimaging (in vitro and in vivo) as the metal core is now shielded by a protective coating layer. XRD and TEM verified that nanoparticles were coated with a layer of carbon-based material (reduced sucrose). In addition, we demonstrated the versatility of this approach by coating other types of nanoparticles (i.e. gold). UV–Visible spectroscopic analysis presented a red shift in absorbance after carbon coating which further confirmed that the surface of these nanoparticles was modified. QDs emission wavelength was not altered but experienced an increase in intensity. The carbon-coated QDs and gold nanoparticles generated in this study measured 14 nm and 60 nm, respectively.