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Background: Normalized truncated navicular height (NTNH) is a non-invasive, easy to perform, and simple clinical measure of static foot posture. However, its sensitivity and specificity in evaluation of the static foot posture in children have not been investigated yet.

Objective: To investigate the intra-rater reliability, sensitivity, and specificity of NTNH in evaluation of the static foot posture in children using radiographic measure as a gold standard measure.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of a random sample of 300 school children aged 6–12 years old. Intra-rater reliability, minimal detectable change, sensitivity, and specificity of NTNH were investigated. NTNH as a clinical measure of static foot posture was calculated and compared to the radiographic measure and displayed on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results: NTNH demonstrated an intra-rater reliability of $\mathrm{\text{ICC}}=0.98$. The sensitivity and specificity of NTNH were 88.1% and 99.5%, respectively. The optimal cutoff point for the diagnosis of flat foot using NTNH in children aged 6–12 years is NTNH $\le 0.19$.

Conclusion: NTNH is a sensitive and specific measure of static foot posture in the children aged 6–12 years. It is recommended to be used as a screening measure of static foot posture in children as it is easy, simple to perform, and a non-invasive clinical measure.

It is very important to study the problem of caries and gingivitis in adolescents who are being treated for orthodontic pathology with bracket systems. The method of combined treatment which incorporates the use of medicine and laser therapy has been proved effective in caries prevention. This research aims to study clinical aspects of the effectiveness of the combined influence of the low-intensity laser "OPTODAN" with a wavelength of 0.85 μm (Scientific Development and Production Center "VEND", Saratov, Russia) in caries prevention. The research also aims to study the disinfection method of PAD with "FotoSan" ("CMS Dental", Denmark, with a wavelength of 625–635 nm, where toluidine blue is used as photosensitizer molecules) combined with regular measure to prevent gingivitis in adolescents being treated for orthodontic pathology with bracket systems. This paper presents the results of 1.5 years of clinical study of 60 12–13-year-old children. They were examined before and after the orthodontic treatment: their decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT), decayed, missing, filled tooth surfaces (DMFS) index and hygiene status (OHI-S) were calculated, gum inflammations were detected. Before the orthodontic treatment, their mouths were sanitized. After orthodontic appliances were placed, the children were randomly divided into two groups of 30 each. Children of the first group, while being treated with braces, took traditional preventative measures against gum inflammation and caries: occupational hygiene, local antiseptics (0.05% chlorhexidine solution), the use of remineralizing and phosphorus containing applications four times a year. The children of the second group, along with the traditional scheme of preventive measures, were treated with the devices "FotoSan" and "Optodan". Results of clinical examination of the second group have accurately proved decrease in the growth of dental caries intensity and surface caries intensity (ΔDMFT, ΔDMFS) and in gingivitis level at the end of the orthodontic treatment. So the results of our clinical research have proved the effectiveness of laser therapy and comprehensive prevention of caries and gingivitis in adolescents using bracket system.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to examine the distribution of macular, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic disc parameters of myopic and hyperopic eyes in comparison with emmetropic control eyes and to investigate their variation according to axial length (AL) and spherical equivalent (SE) in healthy children. Methods: This study included 293 pairs of eyes of 293 children (145 boys and 148 girls), ranging in age from 6 to 17 years. Subjects were divided according to SE in control (emmetropia, 99 children), myopia (100 children) and hyperopia (94 children) groups and according to axial AL in 68 short ($<$22.00mm, 68), medium (from $\ge$22.00mm to 25.00mm, 189) and long eyes ($>$25.00mm, 36). Macular parameters, RNFL thickness and optic disc morphology were assessed by the Cirrus^TM HD-OCT. AL was measured using the IOL-Master system. Littmann’s formula was used for calculating the corrected AL-related ocular magnification. Results: Mean age ($\pm$SD) was 10.84$\pm$3.05 years; mean ($\pm$SD) SE was $+$0.14$\pm$0.51 D (range from $-$8.75 to $+$8.25 D) and mean AL ($\pm$SD) was 23.12$\pm$1.49. Average RNFL thickness, average macular thickness and macular volume decreased as AL and myopia increased. No correlations between AL/SE and optic disc parameters were found after correcting for magnification effect. Conclusions: AL and refractive error affect measurements of macular and RNFL thickness in healthy children. To make a correct interpretation of OCT measurements, ocular magnification effect should be taken into account by clinicians or OCT manufacturers.