Using farmer household level data from the poor areas of China, this chapter studies the relationship between total consumption and the demand for food and nutrition. The results show that the demand for food is very elastic, with an estimated elasticity of 0.74, but the demand for nutrition is relatively inelastic, with an estimated elasticity of 0.14. This suggest that the growth in food consumption does not necessarily lead to an increase of nutritional intakes, but rather to improving the “quality” or “taste” of the food. So, implementing nutritional intervention to some extent may be of important significance to improving the nutrition status of the poor areas in China.