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Nowadays, the biological resource in the prey–predator ecosystem is commercially harvested and sold with the aim of achieving economic interest. Furthermore, the harvest effort is usually influenced by the variation of economic interest of harvesting. In this paper, a differential–algebraic model is proposed, which is utilized to investigate the dynamical behavior of the prey–predator ecosystem due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting. By discussing the local stability of the proposed model around the interior equilibrium, the instability mechanism of harvested prey–predator ecosystem is studied. With the purpose of stabilizing the proposed model around the interior equilibrium and maintaining the economic interest of harvesting at an ideal level, a feedback controller is designed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate consistency with the theoretical analysis.

Over the past decade, Taiwan has witnessed a rising Taiwanese consciousness pulling it apart from a Chinese identity. However, economic development across the Taiwan Strait unfolds in the opposite direction, drawing Taiwanese people into closer interactions with and dependence on China. As Taiwanese find it more and more difficult to disentangle their complicated feelings toward China, this study sets out to demonstrate and explain the multifaceted nature of the Taiwanese people’s conflicting views toward China. In particular, this study examines whether the support for closer economic integration will increase the support for unification against the rising tide of Taiwanese identity in recent decades. By applying the “Taiwan Social Change Survey: National Identity Module 2013” dataset, the empirical analysis shows that, for Taiwanese people, identity and interest did work in rather opposite directions in terms of pulling them away from and drawing them closer to China. The models further show that even though there is a rising trend of Taiwanese identity, economic interests have revealed some potency in moving people’s perceptions toward unification with China in order to reap the economic benefits. The political implications entailed in the economic interactions explain Taiwanese hesitations between welcoming and resisting further integration across the Strait.

A differential-algebraic model which considers a prey-predator system with harvest effort on predator is proposed. By using the differential-algebraic system theory and bifurcation theory, local stability of the proposed model around the interior equilibrium is investigated. Furthermore, the instability mechanism of the proposed model due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting is studied. With the purpose of stabilizing the proposed model around the interior equilibrium and maintaining the economic interest of harvesting at an ideal level, a state feedback controller is designed. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to show the consistency with theoretical analysis.

Nowadays, biological resource in prey-predator ecosystem is commercially harvested and sold with aim of achieving economic interest. Furthermore, harvest effort is usually influenced by variation of economic interest of harvesting and spatial heterogeneous environment. In this paper, a delayed differential-algebraic bio-economic model is proposed, which is utilized to investigate interaction and coexistence mechanism of biological population in the harvested ecosystem due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting as well as the change of population spatial diffusion and gestation delay. Local stability analysis of the proposed model without gestation delay and diffusion reveals that there is a phenomenon of singularity induced bifurcation due to the variation of economic interest of harvesting, and state feedback controllers are designed to stabilize the proposed model at the interior equilibrium. Furthermore, local stability of the proposed model with gestation delay and diffusion is studied, which reveals that the interior equilibrium loses its stability at some critical values of gestation delay and corresponding cycle occurs. It is also shown that population spatial diffusion and harvesting have a stabilizing effect on population dynamics. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to show consistency with theoretical analysis obtained in this paper.

In this paper, a nonlinear difference-algebraic system is used to model some populations with stage structure when the harvest behavior and the economic interest are considered. The stability analysis is studied at the equilibrium points. After the nonlinear difference-algebraic system is changed into a linear system with the unmodeled dynamics, a generalized predictive controller with feedforward compensator is designed to stabilize the system. Adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is used to make the unmodeled dynamic compensated. An example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed control method.