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  • articleOpen Access

    Responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability level in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain

    Background: Clinical outcomes are very important in clinical assessment, and responsiveness is a component inside the outcome measures that needs to be investigated, particularly in chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP).

    Objective: This study aimed to investigate the responsiveness of pain, functional capacity tests, and disability in individuals with CNSLBP.

    Methods: Twenty subjects were assessed in pain using the following methods: visual analog scale (VAS) and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), functional capacity tests: functional reach test (FRT), five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST), and two-minute step test (2 MST), and disability level: modified Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (MODQ), Thai version before and after 2-week intervention session. For interventions, the subjects received education, spinal manipulative therapy, and individual therapeutic exercise twice a week, for a total of two weeks. The statistics analyzed were change scores, effect size (ES), and standardized response mean (SRM).

    Results: The most responsive parameter for individuals with CNSLBP was pain as measured by numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) (ES 0.986, SRM 0.928) and five-time sit-to-stand test (5 TSST) (SRM 0.846).

    Conclusion: This study found that NPRS pain and 5 TSST were responsive in individuals with CNSLBP at two weeks after the beginning of interventions.

  • articleOpen Access

    Effect of oculomotor exercises in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain and associated visual complaints

    Background: Neck pain is a common musculoskeletal disorder, the most common type being non-specific chronic neck pain. It usually involves postural or mechanical causes. In Individuals with neck pain, a notable prevalence of visual complaints has been predominantly reported. It can be linked to the mismatch in the cervical afferent output.

    Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of oculomotor exercises on neck pain, neck disability, gaze stability and visual complaints among individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain and associated visual complaints.

    Methods: A total of 32 individuals with non-specific chronic neck pain and associated visual complaints were equally randomised into two groups. To receive either: stretching to the sternocleidomastoid and anterior scalene along with neck Isometric exercises (Group A, conventional) or the conventional protocol along with oculomotor exercises (Group B, experimental). The protocol was given for three alternate days a week for three weeks, a total of nine sessions. The outcome measures were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Neck Disability Index (NDI) for disability, Dynamic Visual Acuity (DVA) test for gaze stability and Visual Complaints Index (VCI) for visual complaints.

    Results: Significant results were seen for the DVA (p=0.002) and VCI (p=0.024), suggesting improvements in gaze stability and visual complaints using oculomotor exercises.

    Conclusion: From this study, we highlighted that oculomotor exercises along with conventional treatment led to improvement in visual complaints and gaze stability in patients with non-specific chronic neck pain and associated visual complaints.

  • chapterOpen Access

    Workshop 10: Challenging Ableist Perspectives on the Teaching of Mathematics: A CAPTeaM Workshop

    This short paper outlines the main aims and objectives of the CAPTeaM project and the activities that took place during the CAPTeaM workshop at ICME14 on Wednesday 14 July 2021.