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The main purpose of this work is to present the ESR spectra and calculate the spin Hamiltonian parameters of ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N impurities in natural diamond. The ESR spectra of diamond crystal were measured on ESR spectrometer operating at X-band microwave frequency. The results of ESR spectra show that the diamond has a P1 center. This center gives rise to three strong resonance absorption peaks at θ = 90°, ɸ= 0° due to hyperfine interaction between electron spin and nuclear spin of ¹⁴N. The ESR spectra of ¹⁵N impurity consist of two satellites at the same rotation angle (ɸ). The effects of isolated substitution nitrogen on carbon atom produced a symmetric distortion from T_d to C_3V symmetry. According to this symmetry, the resonance magnetic field positions of ESR spectra for the rotation angles of 0°, 90° and 180° are almost overlap. The g-factor values and spin Hamiltonian parameters of ¹⁴N and ¹⁵N are: g = 2.0019, A_⊥ = 29.73, A_∥ = 40.24 and g = 2.0019, A_⊥ = -39.90, A_∥ = -57.05, respectively.

By combined application of electron spin resonance (ESR) and atomic absorption spectrometry the real-time behavior of chromium in Arthrobacter oxydans – a Gram-positive bacterium from contaminated Columbian basalt rocks (USA)- exposed to Cr(VI) was studied. The AAS spectrometry revealed the biphasic dynamics of chromium accumulation in bacteria under aerobic conditions. According to ESR measurements the time-course of Cr(III) hydroxide formation has the similar character. A kinetic model was proposed to describe this process. According to our results, A. oxydans accumulated part of chromium intracellularly.

Electrons with the spin quantum number 1/2, as physical qubits, have naturally been anticipated for implementing quantum computing and information processing (QC/QIP). Recently, electron spin-qubit systems in organic molecular frames have emerged as a hybrid spin-qubit system along with a nuclear spin-1/2 qubit. Among promising candidates for QC/QIP from the materials science side, the reasons for why electron spin-qubits such as molecular spin systems, i.e., unpaired electron spins in molecular frames, have potentialities for serving for QC/QIP will be given in the lecture (Chapter), emphasizing what their advantages or disadvantages are entertained and what technical and intrinsic issues should be dealt with for the implementation of molecular-spin quantum computers in terms of currently available spin manipulation technology such as pulse-based electron-nuclear double resonance (pulsed or pulse ENDOR) devoted to QC/QIP. Firstly, a general introduction and introductory remarks to pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy as electron-nuclear spin manipulation technology is given. Super dense coding (SDC) experiments by the use of pulsed ENDOR are also introduced to understand differentiating QC ENDOR from QC NMR based on modern nuclear spin technology. Direct observation of the spinor inherent in an electron spin, detected for the first time, will be shown in connection with the entanglement of an electron-nuclear hybrid system. Novel microwave spin manipulation technology enabling us to deal with genuine electron-electron spin-qubit systems in the molecular frame will be introduced, illustrating, from the synthetic strategy of matter spin-qubits, a key-role of the molecular design of g-tensor/hyperfine-(A-)tensor molecular engineering for QC/QIP. Finally, important technological achievements of recently-emerging CD ELDOR (Coherent-Dual ELectron-electron DOuble Resonance) spin technology enabling us to manipulate electron spin-qubits are described.