Narrow Results

During this rapid development of wind energy aiming to combat climate change worldwide, there is greater need to avoid, reduce, and compensate for impacts on wildlife: Through the effective use of mitigation, wind energy can continue to expand while reducing impacts. This is a first broad step into discussing and understanding mitigation strategies collectively, identifying the current state of knowledge and be a beneficial resource for practitioners and conservationists. We review the current state of published knowledge, both land-based and offshore, with a focus on wind energy–wildlife mitigation measures. We state measures and highlight their objective and discuss at which project stage it is most effective (e.g. planning, construction, and operation). Thereafter, we discuss key findings within current wind energy mitigation research, needing improved understanding into the efficacy of wildlife mitigation as well as research into the cost aspects of mitigation implementation. This paper is divided into two articles; Part 1 focuses on mitigation measures during planning, siting, and construction, while Part 2 focuses on measures during operation and decommissioning.

During this rapid development of wind energy aiming to combat climate change worldwide, there is greater need to avoid, reduce, and compensate for impacts on wildlife: Through the effective use of mitigation, wind energy can continue to expand while reducing impacts. This is a first broad step into discussing and understanding mitigation strategies collectively, identifying the current state of knowledge and be a beneficial resource for practitioners and conservationists.

We review the current state of published knowledge, both land-based and offshore, with a focus on wind energy–wildlife mitigation measures. We state measures and highlight their objective and discuss at which project stage it is most effective (e.g. planning, construction, operation). Thereafter, we discuss key findings within current wind energy mitigation research, needing improved understanding into the efficacy of wildlife mitigation as well as research into the cost aspects of mitigation implementation. This review is divided into two articles; Part 1 focuses on mitigation measures during planning, siting, and construction, while Part 2 focuses on measures during operation and decommissioning.

Background: COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat various symptoms and diseases in China and has been demonstrated to be effective. Chinese Medicine may be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19. So we updated a meta-analysis to fully evaluate the strength of evidence supporting Chinese Medicine treatment for COVID-19.

Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CBM and CNKI) were searched until 12 September 2023. The Cochrane bias risk tool was used for risk evaluation and JADAD scale for assessing the quality. Meta-analysis was carried out by Stata 15.1. Begg’s test was used for publication bias.

Results: A total of 4128 COVID-19 patients in 38 eligible RCT studies were included. Compared with Western medicine alone, integrated TCM significantly shortened the duration of fever [$\mathrm{\text{WMD}}=-1.14$, 95%CI (−1.28, −0.99)] and length of hospitalization [$\mathrm{\text{WMD}}=-2.65$, 95%CI (−3.23, −2.06)] and nucleic acid turning negative time [$\mathrm{\text{WMD}}=-2.23$, 95%CI (−2.97, −1.50)] and reduced the severity illness rate [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=0.41$, 95%CI (0.29, 0.57)] and improved CT changes [OR = 2.21, 95%CI (1.78, 2.74)] and a series of clinical symptoms including fever [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=1.94$, 95%CI (1.42, 2.65)], cough [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=2.36$, 95%CI (1.71, 3.25)], fatigue [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=2.09$, 95%CI (1.50, 2.90)], muscle pain [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=4.75$, 95%CI(1.65, 13.68)], expectoration [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=2.89$, 95%CI (1.60, 5.20)], breathless [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=6.39$, 95%CI (3.10, 13.17)], chest distress [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=1.95$, 95%CI (1.20, 3.18)], dyspnea [$\mathrm{\text{OR}}=5.25$, 95%CI (1.65, 16.76)] of COVID-19.

Conclusion: TCM could be a complementary medicine to improve COVID-19.