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The temperature field due to laser-induced discharge surface strengthening (LIDSS) has significant influence on the microstructure transformation and also the formation quality of discharge pit. A transient axisymmetric thermal model is developed to estimate the temperature distribution during LIDSS based on Fourier heat conduction equation. In the model, a Gaussian heat input distribution is assumed; temperature-dependent material properties are applied and the latent heat of fusion and vaporization is calculated on an enthalpy method. As an application, we use this model to compute the temperature field during the process of tungsten tool electrode machining 1045 steel workpiece and find that the computational results are well consistent with the experimental data.

In this paper, an innovative form of nanofluids is identified as tri-hybrid nanofluid, which is synthesized by dispersing three or more varieties of nanomaterials in the considered base fluid. So, in this study, we comparatively examined SiO₂/H₂O nanofluid, TiO₂+Al₂O₃/H₂O hybrid nanofluid and SiO${}_{2+}$TiO₂+Al₂O₃/H₂O ternary hybrid nanofluid. Stretching of the flat surface enables us to develop the nanofluids flow. Additional considerations include the impacts of MHD, viscid dissipation, nonlinear thermal convection and radiation, joule heating and the presence of a heat source. For transforming PDEs (continuity, motion, heat equation and boundary constraints) into ODEs, an appropriate transformation procedure is used. HAM technique is used to solve these nonlinear coupled ODEs. Graphs are used to evaluate and examine the effect of numerous describing variables on nano, hybrid and tri-hybrid nanofluids speed and heat distribution. Furthermore, the computed values of engineering-relevant parameters ($C_f$ and Nu) are tabulated and analyzed. The velocity of nanofluids acquires enhancing tendency for nonlinear thermal and mix convection parameter, but reverse upshot is assured due to nanoparticle volume fraction, Weissenberg number and magnetic parameters. Thermal field gets intensified in nature for magnetic and Eckert number, heat generation, thermal radiation and nanoparticles volume fractions. The ternary hybrid nanofluid has the most efficient behavior according to the comparative examination of ternary, hybrid and nanofluids.