If A is an associative algebra, then we can define the adjoint Lie algebra A(−) and Jordan algebra A(+). It is easy to see that any associative Rota–Baxter (RB) operator on A induces a Lie and Jordan RB operator on A(−) and A(+), respectively. Are there Lie (Jordan) RB operators, which are not associative RB operators? In this paper, we explore these questions for the Sweedler algebra H4, which is a 4-dimensional non-commutative Hopf algebra. More precisely, we describe the RB operators on the adjoint Lie algebra H(−)4.