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In 2021, the United Nations Committee on Development Policy adopted a resolution that Bangladesh would graduate from least developed country (LDC) status after a period of 5 years. This means that in 2026 Bangladesh would have to forego its exemption to intellectual property (IP) provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO). Bangladesh has taken advantage of the policy space it was granted under the LDC exemption to build a generic medicines industry that not only serves Bangladesh but also other LDCs. We examine how IP provisions in the WTO will impact the price of insulin in Bangladesh and the subsequent impacts on welfare and poverty. We find that LDC graduation will trigger a significant jump in insulin prices that could cause about a 15% decline in the welfare of households in Bangladesh with one or more members living with diabetes, increasing the poverty rate of such households unless policy adjustments are carried out.

Mathematical modeling is very helpful for noninvasive investigation of glucose-insulin interaction. In this paper, a new time-delay mathematical model is proposed for glucose-insulin endocrine metabolic regulatory feedback system incorporating the $\beta$-cell dynamic and function for regulating and maintaining bloodstream insulin level. The model includes the insulin degradation due to glucose interaction. The dynamical behavior of the model is analyzed and two-dimensional bifurcation diagrams with respect to two essential parameters of the model are obtained. The results show that the time-delay in insulin secretion in response to blood glucose level, and the delay in glucose drop due to increased insulin concentration, can give rise to complex dynamics, such as periodic oscillation. These dynamics are consistent with the biological findings and period doubling cascade and chaotic state which represent metabolic disorder that may lead to diabetes mellitus.