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Security has become a major concern of software systems, especially distributed systems. The existence of various attacks should be considered in designing and developing those systems such that appropriate countermeasures could be applied. This chapter provides an overview of different types of possible attacks and countermeasures in the software security area. In addition, it discusses the security problems in mobile agent systems and introduces several related research works. This chapter also presents our research works on mobile agent system security based on Extended Elementary Object System (EEOS).

Healthcare is usually the first that comes to our minds when dealing with the consequence of major hazards to deal with the large numbers of casualties; however, this was not available due to the ineffective preparedness. Literature illustrates a significant number of publications covering the resilience of healthcare to major hazards; however these tend to be fragmented due to the complexity of this service which often gives an incomplete picture of the health service and thus leads to inadequate level of preparedness. This chapter addresses some of this fragmentation by shedding light on disaster-resilience in the healthcare sector with the view to enhance the understanding of this service and thus builds its capacity and ultimately mitigates disaster risks. The chapter covers the performance of healthcare post disasters; hospitals’ structural, non-structural and functional integrity; regulations and safety codes; and the integration of resilience and the sustainability agendas through an illustration of international case studies. This chapter also presents new dimensions for enhancing disaster-resilience in a healthcare setting. These dimensions are based on a new concept known as sustainable healthcare.

The nature of mathematics has been the subject of heated debate among mathematicians and philosophers throughout the ages. The realist and anti-realist positions have had longstanding debate over this problem, but some of the most important recent development has focused on the interpretations; each of the above positions has its own interpretation of the nature of mathematics. I argue in this paper a contextualist interpretation of mathematics, it elucidates the essential features of mathematical context. That is, being integral and having concrete structure, mathematical context is a recontextualizational process with determinate boundary.