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This article proposes a new refined definition of light, which makes it possible to harmonize the wave and corpuscular concepts of this object of matter and quantitative relations that describe the wave-corpuscular nature of the phenomena of interference, diffraction, dispersion, polarization, external and internal photoeffects as phenomena as well as such electroluminescence and photoluminescence associated with light.

In this paper, we study Hall effects of the monolayer MoS₂ with Rashba and Ising spin-orbit coupling (SOC) under the application of a circularly polarized light. The Chern number and spin textures at high frequency regime are studied based on the Floquet theory. We found that the SOCs induced valley Hall effect. The sign of Chern numbers at high frequency regime can be reversed by engineering interplay between Ising SOC and light intensity. The system undergoes a topological phase transition from valley Hall state to anomalous Hall state. By analyzing the spin texture, we study the origin of the Hall effects.

The present work describes the use of a magnetic porphyin (5-(4-carboxy-phenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21H, 23H-porphyrin TPP) nanoconjugate (SPION-TPP) for destroying pathogenic bacteria followed by the recovery of the magnetic photosensitizer. SPION-TPP was tested for its activity against two different gram-positive bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus and Steptoccoccus mutans). It is observed that SPION-TPP at a very low concentration of 0.5 $\mu$M is effective in destroying gram-positive bacteria (10${}^{\mathrm{\text{7}}}$–10${}^{\mathrm{\text{8}}}$ CFU ml${}^{\mathrm{\text{-1}}})$S. aureus with several orders reduction and few orders in S. mutans. The aim of this work is to combine photoactivity against microorganisms imparted by the photosensitizer with the possibility of recovering the nanoconstruct with magnets for disposal/reuse.

Some people think that carbon and sustainable development are not compatible. This textbook shows that carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air and bio-carbon from biomass are our best allies in the energy transition, towards greater sustainability. We pose the problem of the decarbonation (or decarbonization) of our economy by looking at ways to reduce our dependence on fossil carbon (coal, petroleum, natural gas, bitumen, carbonaceous shales, lignite, peat). The urgent goal is to curb the exponential increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and hydrosphere (Figures 1.1 and 1.2) that is directly related to our consumption of fossil carbon for our energy and materials The goal of the Paris agreement (United Nations COP 21, Dec. 12, 2015) of limiting the temperature increase to 1.5 degrees (compared to the pre-industrial era, before 1800) is becoming increasingly unattainable (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), report of Aug. 6, 2021). On Aug. 9, 2021 Boris Johnson, prime minister of the United Kingdom, declared that coal needs to be consigned to history to limit global warming. CO₂ has an important social cost…