Narrow Results

In the last couple of years, quantum computing has come out as emerging trends of computation not only due to its immense popularity but also for its commitment towards physical realization of quantum circuit in on-chip units. At the same time, the process of physical realization has faced several design constraints and one such problem is nearest neighbor (NN) enforcement which demands all the operating qubits to be placed adjacent in the implementable circuit. Though SWAP gate embedment can transform a design into NN architecture, it still creates overhead in the design. So, designing algorithms to restrict the use of SWAPs bears high importance.

Considering this fact, in this work, we are proposing a heuristic-based improved qubit placement strategy for efficient implementation of NN circuit. Two different design policies are being developed here. In the first scheme, a global reordering technique based on clustering approach is shown. In the second scheme, a local reordering technique based on look-ahead policy is developed. This look-ahead strategy considers the impact over the gates in the circuit and thereby estimates the effect using a cost metric to decide the suitable option for SWAP implementation. Furthermore, the joint use of both the ordering schemes also has been explored here. To ascertain the correctness of our design algorithms, we have tested them over a wide range of benchmarks and the obtained results are compared with some state-of-the-art design approaches. From this comparison, we have witnessed a considerable reduction on SWAP cost in our design scheme against the reported works’ results.

This paper deals with the variety of commutative non associative algebras satisfying the identity , γ ∈ K. In [3] it is proved that if γ = 0, 1 then any finitely generated algebra is nilpotent. Here we generalize this result by proving that if γ ≠ -1, then any such algebra is locally nilpotent. Our results require characteristic ≠ 2, 3.

Using purely syntactical arguments, it is shown that every nontrivial pseudovariety of monoids contained in DO whose corresponding variety of languages is closed under unambiguous product, for instance DA, is local in the sense of Tilson.

Background: To present the efficacy of 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution for resection of vascular malformation in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application.

Methods: Four patients with five slow flow vascular malformations were retrospectively reviewed. Prior to incision, 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution was infiltrated subcutaneously surrounding the lesion until the skin turned pale. Amount of tumescent solution injected, the length of surgery, the clarity of the operative field, and the complications were recorded. Clarity of operative field was categorized as totally bloodless, minimum bleeding, acceptable bleeding, and bloody. In the surgeries under local anesthesia, we also recorded self-reported intra-operative pain using VAS score, onset of pain, and conversion of anesthesia.

Results: The injected amount of the tumescent solution ranged from 4.5 to 200 mL, with the length of surgery ranged from 60 to 150 minutes. One out of 5 cases was totally bloodless, 3 cases were minimum bleeding and 1 case was acceptable bleeding. Minor skin necrosis was recorded in 1 patient. Neither intra-operative pain nor conversion from local to general anesthesia was reported.

Conclusions: 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution is effective for resection of slow flow vascular malformation in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application.

The objective of this report is to present a case of hand burn linear contracture release performed under local anesthesia. It also introduces the one-per-mil tumescent solution consisted of 0.2% lidocaine and 1:1.000.000 epinephrine as a local anesthesia formula, which has the potential of providing adequate anesthesia as well as hemostatic effect during surgery of the hand without tourniquet. The surgery was performed on a 19 year-old male patient with multiple thumb and fingers flexion linear contracture for 105 minutes without any obstacle. The patient did not complain any pain and discomfort during the procedure; while bloodless operative field was successfully achieved. At four-month follow up, the patient could fully extend his thumb, middle and ring finger, while the index was limited by 10° at the DIP joint. Overall, the patient was satisfied with the outcome.

Yak genome provides new insights into high altitude adaptation.

Gentris and Shanghai Institutes of Preventative Medicine expand collaboration.

Chinese researchers identify rice gene enhancing quality, productivity.

Quintiles opens new Center of Excellence in Dalian to support innovative drug development.

BGI demonstrated genomic data transfer at nearly 10 gigabits per second between US and China.

Quintiles deepens investment in China - New Quintiles China Headquarters and local lab testing solution announced.

Beike earns AABB Accreditation for cord blood and cord tissue banking.

Epigenomic differences between newborns and centenarians provide insight to the understanding of aging.

In this paper, we continue to study the differential inverse power series ring $R[[x^{-1};\delta ]]$, where $R$ is a ring equipped with a derivation $\delta$. We characterize when $R[[x^{-1};\delta ]]$ is a local, semilocal, semiperfect, semiregular, left quasi-duo, (uniquely) clean, exchange, right stable range one, abelian, projective-free, $I$-ring, respectively. Furthermore, we prove that $R[[x^{-1};\delta ]]$ is a domain satisfying the $ACC$ on principal left ideals if and only if so does $R$. Also, for a piecewise prime ring (PWP) $R$ we determine a large class of the differential inverse power series ring $R[[x^{-1};\delta ]]$ which have a generalized triangular matrix representation for which the diagonal rings are prime. In particular, it is proved that, under suitable conditions, if $R$ has a (flat) projective socle, then so does $R[[x^{-1};\delta ]]$. Our results extend and unify many existing results.

In the present note, we continue the study of skew inverse Laurent series ring $R((x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ))$ and skew inverse power series ring $R[[x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ]]$, where $R$ is a ring equipped with an automorphism $\alpha$ and an $\alpha$-derivation $\delta$. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for $R[[x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ]]$ to satisfy a certain ring property which is among being local, semilocal, semiperfect, semiregular, left quasi-duo, (uniquely) clean, exchange, projective-free and $I$-ring, respectively. It is shown here that $R((x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ))$ (respectively $R[[x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ]]$) is a domain satisfying the ascending chain condition (Acc) on principal left (respectively right) ideals if and only if so does $R$. Also, we investigate the problem when a skew inverse Laurent series ring $R((x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ))$ has the same Goldie rank as the ring $R$ and is proved that, if $R$ is a semiprime right Goldie ring, then $R((x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ))$ is semiprimitive. Furthermore, we study on the relationship between the simplicity, semiprimeness, quasi-Baerness and Baerness property of a ring $R$ and these of the skew inverse Laurent series ring. Finally, we consider the problem of determining when $f(x)\in R((x^{-1};\alpha ,\delta ))$ is nilpotent.

Community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) is increasingly perceived as a bottom-up alternative approach to the traditional top-down rational model of local environmental conservation planning. Although many studies have discussed the effectiveness of these two models in environmental planning, little research has been done to empirically determine the influence of these two principles on local environmental conservation planning. This study analyses 54 cities' local environmental conservation plans to quantitatively measure the conceptual plan components, then uses regression models to detect the factors influencing local environmental conservation plan quality. Descriptive results indicate that local plans have a relatively low awareness of strategic-level conservation items, a medium level of analysis for regional conservation items, and a high level of community-based conservation efforts. Regression results further highlight that the governance capacity has significant influence on local environmental conservation plan quality; however, the community-based participation capacity was not statistically significant.

There is an increasing demand for environmental leadership in the planning process. In collaborative planning models, planners have a distinct role as a bridge between citizens, politicians, and scientists. However, there is limited research evaluating the leadership role of planners in the process of creating high quality environmental plans for local jurisdictions. This study proposes and tests a conceptual model with measurable indicators of planners' use of leadership to facilitate the creation of plans that can benefit the environment. This paper examined two distinct roles for planners: as an information source and as a facilitator. The descriptive results suggest that planners are exercising limited environmental leadership in local land use planning. The explanatory results highlight that the key to improve planners' leadership abilities lies with increasing planning capacity. Several policy recommendations are provided to improve planner's use of leadership processes in environmental planning and management.

2-Edge connectivity is an important fault tolerance property of a network because it maintains network communication despite the deletion of a single arbitrary edge. Planar spanning subgraphs have been shown to play a significant role for achieving local decentralized routing in wireless networks. Existing algorithmic constructions of spanning planar subgraphs of unit disk graphs (UDGs) such as Minimum Spanning Tree, Gabriel Graph, Nearest Neighborhood Graph, etc. do not always ensure connectivity of the resulting graph under single edge deletion. Furthermore, adding edges to the network so as to improve its edge connectivity not only may create edge crossings (at points which are not vertices) but it may also require edges of unbounded length. Thus we are faced with the problem of constructing 2-edge connected geometric planar spanning graphs by adding edges of bounded length without creating edge crossings (at points which are not vertices). To overcome this difficulty, in this paper we address the problem of augmenting the edge set (i.e., adding new edges) of planar geometric graphs with straight line edges of bounded length so that the resulting graph is planar and 2-edge connected. We provide bounds on the number of newly added straight-line edges, prove that such edges can be of length at most 3 times the max length of an edge of the original graph, and also show that the factor 3 is optimal. It is shown to be NP-Complete to augment a geometric planar graph to a 2-edge connected geometric planar graph with the minimum number of new edges of a given bounded length. We also provide a constant time algorithm that works in location-aware settings to augment a planar graph into a 2-edge connected planar graph with straight-line edges of length bounded by 3 times the longest edge of the original graph. It turns out that knowledge of vertex coordinates is crucial to our construction and in fact we prove that this problem cannot be solved locally if the vertices do not know their coordinates. Moreover, we provide a family of k-connected UDGs which does not have 2-edge connected spanning planar subgraphs, for any .

We examine the relationship between the geographic location of mutual fund managers and fund performance using the unique setting of single-state municipal-bond mutual funds. We find that local managers underperform non-local muni-bond fund managers. Furthermore, we document that local muni-bond fund managers perform relatively better in states with more local funds, consistent with knowledge spillovers, business connections and networking effects associated with those areas. Locals also perform relatively better in states with higher levels of political integrity, consistent with less political pressure on local fund managers in these locations. Our results are robust to several sensitivity checks.