Narrow Results

Experimental study and quantum chemical calculations have been used to study the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ on silica gel derived from rice hulls ash. XRD measurements showed that the silica obtained has amorphous structure with BET of 250.1m²/g and pzc at pH 2. Adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Mg²⁺ on silica at 28^∘C showed maximum capacities of 0.26 and 0.20mmol/g, respectively. In both cases of metal ions, the interaction was explained to proceed via hydrogen bonding through the outer hydration shell. Using density functional theory (DFT), interactions of hydrated metal ions with naked, mono- and di-hydrated silanol have been investigated. Calculations at the used level predict an increase of the entropy upon adsorption interaction with dehydrated silanol. Adsorption of hydrated Cu²⁺ and hydrated/un-hydrated Mg²⁺ on silanol is an exothermic process as predicted by B3LYP/6-31+G(d)//HF/6-31+G(d). This, in turn, leads to more negative free energy of reaction compared to experiment, $-$59.8 versus $-$25.8kJ/mol for Cu²⁺ and $-$53.8 versus $-$22.6kJ/mol for Mg²⁺. However, the strength of interaction between silica and both ions was reproduced correctly by theory.