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FIR photon detector development starting from the extrinsic detectors for LWIR to FIR wavelengths are presented. Several other types of IR detectors, including the cut-off wavelength extension into the FIR range for quantum well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs), are summarized. Efforts in developing p-GaAs homojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HIWIP) far-infrared detectors and the most reason developments on GaAs/AlGaAs Heterojunction interfacial workfunction internal photoemission (HEIWIP) far-infrared detectors are presented.

By the use of Monte Carlo simulation, we have investigated the phase diagrams and magnetic properties of a ferrimagnetic Ising multilayer system with mixed spins (1, $1∕2$). The ground-state phase diagrams are first constructed for $T=0K$. To examine the influences of certain physical parameters of the system, namely the exchange interactions, the number of layers and the crystal field, we have studied the thermal behavior of the system magnetizations and the corresponding phase diagrams. The results obtained in this work show the existence of second- and first-order phase transitions and compensation temperatures. Moreover, we have investigated the hysteresis behavior, where the multi-loop phenomena are observed.

Since transparent conducting oxides can be as a buttom layer of complex film electrodes, electrodeposition technique may produce ZnO films depending on variety conditions and modified surface layers of substrates in electrochemical procedures. Here we invested the structure and morphologies of top ZnO layers by using modified surfaces of the substrate in the multilayer film-“ZnO-electrodeposition /ZnO(002)-sputtering /ITO/ glass”.