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This paper reports that ZnSnO nanofibers (ZSNFs) were synthesized by thermal oxidation of ZnSn alloys. ZnSn alloys were prepared by cold press and sintering (powder metallurgy). The structure and optical properties were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), micro-Raman scattering technology, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectrum. The micro-Raman scattering spectra of ZSNFs show four Raman peaks at 574, 1156, 1729 and 2330 cm^-1. The diameter and length of ZSNFs are about 50 nm and 60 μm, respectively. The room temperature PL spectra of ZSNFs shows the near-band-edge emission at ~391 nm and a broad green emission at ~493 nm.

Aqueous silk fibroin (SF) sol is a colloidal solution. With the colloidal hydration layer and electrostatic repulsion, the SF sol can hardly make the efficient collision/assembly among micelles and perform like a following sol for a long time. In this paper, hydrophilic silk-based sequences (HSF) derived from SF molecules were obtained by immersing the dried SF condensates with water and extracting the dissolving fraction. The HSF was obtained by immersing the SF condensate dried at the temperature of $20$–$25^{\circ }\mathrm{\text{C}}$ and relative humid of 55–60% in water and collected the lixivium. The dissolving ratio was about 30%. The HSF sol (0.5%, w/v) self-assembled into the mesoscopic 3D nanofibrous network within 8 h. The obtained HSF nanofibers were 10–100 $\mu \mathrm{\text{m}}$ in length and 50–100 nm in diameter. The HSF nanofiber possesses similar hierarchical structure consisting of nanofibrils bundles to the native silk fiber. There were significant aggregation structure transitions from random coil to $\beta$-sheet and amorphous chains to Silk II crystal aggregation during the formation of HSF nanofibers. The HSF nanofiber holds the potential to give further insight into the reconstruction of native silk in vitro and the fabrication of tough silk-based biomaterials.

The properties of nanomaterials usually depend on their microstructures, the same material of different microstructures could be used for various applications. However, most devices could only synthesize a single microstructure, so it is meaningful that the different microstructures were synthesized by one method. In our study, electrospinning was applied to fabricate ZnO nanofibers and nanoparticles. In this approach, Zn(Ac)/PVP composite fibers of different component ratio were synthesized by electrospinning method which was subsequently calcined and formed ZnO nanofibers and nanoparticles. The microstructure, chemical composition and gas sensing were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and WS-60A gas sensing measurement system. The synthesis mechanisms of ZnO nanofibers and nanoparticles were discussed in detail.

In this article, the space-time fractional perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) in nanofibers is studied using the improved $tan(\varphi (\xi )/2)$ expansion method (ITEM) to explore new exact solutions. The perturbed nonlinear Schrodinger equation is a nonlinear model that occurs in nanofibers. The ITEM is an efficient method to obtain the exact solutions for nonlinear differential equations. With the help of the modified Riemann–Liouville derivative, an equivalent ordinary differential equation has been obtained from the nonlinear fractional differential equation. Several new exact solutions to the fractional perturbed NLSE have been devised using the ITEM, which is the latest proficient method for analyzing nonlinear partial differential models. The proposed method may be applied for searching exact travelling wave solutions of other nonlinear fractional partial differential equations that appear in engineering and physics fields. Furthermore, the obtained soliton solutions are depicted in some 3D graphs to observe the behaviour of these solutions.

The perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation is employed to characterize the dynamics of optical wave propagation when confronted with dissipation (or gain) and nonlinear dispersion that vary with both time and space. This equation serves as a fundamental model for investigating pulse dynamics within optical fibers and has application to nanofiber applications. This study successfully discovers optical solitons within this framework using the unified solver, Jacobi elliptic function, and simplest equation methods. We extract solutions using hyperbolic, trigonometric, and rational functions, including multi-solitons, dark, singular, bright, and periodic singular solitons. This study thoroughly compares our results with existing literature to provide novelty and significance of our findings. We have incorporated a detailed comparison between the methods employed in our study, which highlights their importance and strength. We have derived soliton solutions for the examined equations and generated 3D contour and 2D visual representations of the resulting solution functions. Alongside obtaining the soliton solutions, we offer a graphical exploration of how the parameters in the considered equations influence the system.