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Cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanocrystallites were prepared by sulphuration route with capping in polyethylene oxide (PEO) polymer matrix. It is found that PEO could provide a confined environment for particle nucleation and growth of CdS nanocrystallites. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive analysis by X-ray (EDAX) studies confirms the presence of CdS nanocrystallites in polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) selected area diffraction (SAD) patterns show that these crystallites have hexagonal structure. The TEM and UV-Visible absorption studies indicate uniform size distribution having size around 2.3 nm and band gap of 2.7 eV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies reveal that core level energy positions of the Cd is shifted towards the lower binding energy and has similar chemical environment to that of bulk CdS.

A novel and shape-controlled synthesis method for uniformly-shaped poly(p-phenylenediamine) (PpPD) microparticles was developed using (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ (APS) as an oxidant. The results demonstrated that the morphologies of PpPD varied from nanofibers to nanospheres and nest-like microspheres by tuning the pH of solution. Tiny pH change leads to the significant change in product morphology. The structure of microspheres is similar to graphene which was first discovered. Further study showed that the PpPD nanofibers were dimer. The difference in the structure of PpPD nanofibers and nanospheres (microspheres) resulted in different solubility in water. The nanosized oligomer crystallites served as starting templates for the nucleation of PpPD nanofibers. Further growth of nanofibers was proceeded by the self-organization of phenazine units or their blocks located at the ends of the PpPD chains.

The electrochemical properties of poly sodium 4-styrenesulfonate intercalated graphite oxide (PSSGO) have been investigated in a 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. We observed capacitor behavior at scan rate of 1–25 mV/s in a cyclic voltammetry. Specific capacitance obtained from galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements were 6 F/g to 102 F/g at 1 A/g to 0.1 A/g, respectively. The specific capacitance of PSSGO is relatively high compared to that of the precursor graphite oxide in which the specific capacitance was 11–20 F/g at 0.03 A/g. Capacitance retention was 73% after 3000 cycles, proving reliable cyclic stability up to 3000 cycles.

Amphiphilic polymer carriers (PEG–St–$R$) were prepared from cassava starch and their pH response was investigated. First, hydrophobic tapioca starch polymer (St–$R$) was prepared with octyl acyl as the hydrophobic group. The hydrophilic group polyethylene glycol (mPEG) was then introduced into the polymer by esterification to produce amphiphilic tapioca starch polymer (PEG–St–$R$). Its self-assembly behavior was characterized using fluorescent probes. The morphology of PEG–St–$R$ was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Loading of the anti-cancer drug curcumin was used to assess the delivery and slow-release performance of the amphiphilic tapioca starch polymer. Cumulative drug release was explored at various pH conditions, with the greatest release from drug-loaded micelles being observed under acidic conditions and stable in a neutral environment. These results provide a theoretical basis for the preparation of pH-responsive nanomicelle carriers, and a platform for the preparation of novel amphiphilic starch-based polymers.

The probability density for the area A enclosed by a polymer loop in crossed electric-magnetic fields is evaluated using the Hida-Streit formulation. In this approach, the many possible conformations of the polymer, x(v) and y(v), are represented by paths and are parametrized in terms Brownian motion. When the magnetic field is switched off, results agree with the works of Khandekar and Wiegel⁵

Mechanisms of plasma-surface interaction are required to understand in order to control the reactions precisely. Recent progress in atmospheric pressure plasma provides to apply as a tool of sterilization of contaminated foodstuffs. To use the plasma with safety and optimization, the real time in situ detection of free radicals - in particular dangling bonds by using the electron-spin-resonance (ESR) technique has been developed because the free radical plays important roles for dominantly biological reactions. First, the kinetic analysis of free radicals on biological specimens such as fungal spores of Penicillium digitatum interacted with atomic oxygen generated plasma electric discharge. We have obtained information that the in situ real time ESR signal from the spores was observed and assignable to semiquinone radical with a g-value of around 2.004 and a line width of approximately 5G. The decay of the signal was correlated with a link to the inactivation of the fungal spore. Second, we have studied to detect chemical modification of edible meat after the irradiation. Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) and ESR, signals give qualification results for chemical changes on edible liver meat. The in situ real-time measurements have proven to be a useful method to elucidate plasma-induced surface reactions on biological specimens.

The scaling expression for fractional Brownian modeled linear polymer chains was obtained both theoretically and numerically. Through the probability distribution of fractional Brownian paths, the scaling was found out to be 〈R²〉 ~ N^2H, where R is the end-to-end distance of the polymer chain, N is the number of monomer units and H is the Hurst parameter. Numerical data was generated through the use of Monte Carlo simulation implementing the Metropolis algorithm. Results show good agreement between numerical and theoretical scaling constants after some parameter optimization. The probability distribution confirmed the Gaussian nature of fractional Brownian motion and the behavior is not affected by varying values of the Hurst parameter and of the number of monomer units.