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The goal of this paper is to improve the technical level of preparing composite photocatalysts with SiO₂-supported nano-TiO₂, expand the selection range of SiO₂ carriers, reduce expenses and understand the influence of SiO₂ crystallization behavior. Natural quartz (Q/SiO₂) powder was used as a carrier to prepare a Q/SiO₂-TiO₂ composite photocatalyst by hydrolyzing a butyl titanate solution and performing high-temperature calcination of the hydrolysate. The performance, morphology, structure and mechanism were tested and characterized. In addition, the as-prepared photocatalyst was compared with other amorphous SiO₂ carrier composite photocatalysts. The results showed that the Q/SiO₂ surface of Q/SiO₂-TiO₂ contained a uniform load of TiO₂ with a 26.98% proportion. Anatase-type TiO₂ was mainly present, and the size was 5–10nm. Moreover, Q/SiO₂ and TiO₂ were firmly combined in the form of Si–O–Ti bonds between the interfaces. The degradation rate of Q/SiO₂-TiO₂ to methyl orange solution was 99.59% under UV irradiation for 60min, which was equivalent to that of pure nano-TiO₂. The degradation performance remained stable after four cycles. Compared with other amorphous SiO₂ carriers, Q/SiO₂ exhibited a higher load of TiO₂. Furthermore, Q/SiO₂ played a more significant role in inhibiting the phase transition of TiO₂ to rutile and improving the photocatalytic performance.