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Business environments are complex and evolve dynamically to react to environmental or contextual changes. Nowadays, many businesses use business processes to describe and automate their operations. However, current business process systems are based on executing statically defined workflows, which do not naturally allow the handling of emergent needs. In this work we are developing mechanisms to allow for a dynamic adaptation of workflows, and consider assurances that the derived workflows still achieve the main aims of the originals. Specifically, these mechanisms are self-adaptive workflows, based on policies, and self-managed adaptations, based on the refinement checking of an underlying formal model. The formal model, developed using the process algebra known as communicating sequential processes (CSP), allows for checking the correctness of desired adaptations at system runtime and when the adaptation is being attempted. In this paper we present the overview of our approach.

Design patterns are widely used to achieve large-scale reuse by capturing successful practice in software development, but their implementations still remain redundant and burdensome. We present a category theoretic approach to mechanize the refinement process from design pattern templates to executable programs. A pattern template and its “standard” refinement path, which are expressed with theory-based specifications and morphisms, can be saved in a library. When encountering another problem where the same pattern template needs to be applied, instead of performing a new refinement, we can work out its provably correct implementation using category theoretic operations.

1 wt.% different rare earth elements (Ce, Y, Gd, misch metal, Nd) are added into the alloy of Mg-6Li-1.5Al, respectively. The different effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties are evaluated. The additions of these elements produce granular and rod-like precipitated phases, which are Al₂Ce, Al₂Y, AlGd, Al₃La, Al₂Nd, respecitvely. All the rare elements have refining effects in the alloys. Misch metal and Nd have the best refining effects, while Y and Ce have the least obvious refining effects. All the elements are favorable for the improvement of strength and elongation. Mg-6Li-1.5Al-1Ce possesses the highest strength, and Mg-6Li-1.5Al-1Y possesses the highest elongation. If considering the different yield of elements, Mg-6Li-1.5Al-1Y possesses both the highest strength increase per rare earth yield and elongation increase per rare earth yield.

In this paper, in order to improve enterprise's financial management as the subject, from the perspective of enterprise financial management to develop in the direction of refinement, analysis of the current problems existing in the financial management, discusses the main ways to achieve fine financial management goal, and the development trend in the future, to provide some references for enterprise's financial management innovation.