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Improving field performance of telecommunication systems is a key objective of both telecom suppliers and operators, as an increasing amount of business critical systems worldwide are relying on dependable telecommunication. Early defect detection improves field performance in terms of reduced field failure rates and reduced intrinsic downtime. Cost-effective software project management will focus resources towards intensive validation of those areas with highest criticality. This article outlines techniques for identifying such critical areas in software systems. It concentrates on the practical application of criticality-based predictions in industrial development projects, namely the selection of a classification technique and the use of the results in directing management decisions. The first part is comprehensively comparing and evaluating five common classification techniques (Pareto classification, classification trees, factor-based discriminant analysis, fuzzy classification, neural networks) for identifying critical components. Results from a large-scale industrial switching project are included to show the practical benefits. Knowing which technique should be applied to the second area gains even more attention: What are the impacts for practical project management within given resource and time constraints? Several selection criteria based on the results of a combined criticality and history analysis are provided together with concrete implementation decisions.