Narrow Results

We study the diffusion of chaotic orbits in an N-body model simulating a barred spiral galaxy. Chaotic orbits with initial conditions outside corotation support the spiral structure of the galaxy due to the phenomenon of stickiness close and along the unstable asymptotic manifolds of the unstable periodic orbits. These orbits are diffused outwards after about 13 rotations of the bar. During this time, the spiral structure is clearly visible and then it fades out gradually. The diffusion time for the majority of the chaotic orbits with initial conditions inside corotation is much longer than the age of the Universe. These orbits support mainly the outer parts of the bar. However, a part of the chaotic orbits inside corotation are diffused outwards fast and support the spiral structure.

The Bourrée Part I from Johann Sebastian Bach's Cello Suite No. 3 provides a clear example of structural scaling. The recursive form of this structure can be visualized in the manner of a well known fractal construction — the Cantor set.

In this study, we find savings deposits have contributed significantly to the effectiveness of regulation induced consolidation within the banking sector in so far as improvements in banking system structure, output, profitability and competitiveness are concerned. Specifically, we find savings deposits are key parameters in the transition from a banking structure within which profitability is primarily determined by liquidity during the pre-consolidation period (2007–2008) to a banking structure within which profitability is primarily a function of loan portfolio growth (output) during the post-consolidation period (2010–2012). In spite of the increase in importance of savings deposits for banking system competition, output, or profitability during the post-consolidation period, savings deposit rates have decreased by about 50% between the pre- and post-consolidation periods. Interest rates on savings deposits also do not lie on the efficiency frontier for loan production. Combined, our findings indicate the benefits of consolidation that accrue from savings deposits have yet to translate into social welfare benefits for banks' retail customers.

Cellulose with at least one of its dimensions less than or equal to 100 nm is termed as nanocellulose. It is a unique and promising natural material extracted from native cellulose and produced by certain microbial cells and cell-free systems. Nanocellulose has received immense consideration in last couple of decades owing to its abundance, renewability, remarkable physical properties, special surface chemistry, and excellent biological features (biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-toxicity). Taking advantage of the structure and properties of nanocellulose, the current science of biomaterials aims at developing new and formerly non-existing materials with novel and multifunctional properties, in an attempt to meet current requirements in different fields such as biomedicine, the environment, energy, pharmaceutics, agriculture, food, etc. This chapter provides an overview of different synthesis methods of nanocellulose: mechanical approaches by applying high-pressure, grinding, crushing, sonication, and milling; chemical synthesis involving alkaline, acidic, oxidation, and enzymatic treatment; as well as by using bacteria and cell-free systems. It further discusses different morphological forms of nanocellulose including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and cellulose produced by cell-free systems, in terms of their features such as chemical structure, macrostructural morphology, physico-mechanical properties, thermal and biological properties, rheology, optical behavior, and their interrelationships and applications.

With the rapid development of computer technology and Internet technology, the financial management of modern enterprises and companies is gradually developing in the direction of intelligent management. As a result, the traditional financial management model can no longer adapt to the current financial information management. This paper takes the application of J2EE technology in finance as the research object, analyzes the technical knowledge (including J2EE technology, J2EE structure and database, and Java database connection) used in J2EE in financial application in detail, and analyzes the application of J2EE technology in finance. The system design in the application and the main advantages are analyzed in detail. This technology not only saves a lot of manpower, time, and cost, but also plays an extremely important role in enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises, improving the level of enterprise management, and promoting financial management techniques and methods, theoretical innovation, and concept renewal.

We first discuss the concept of structure to differentiate between structural and systemic properties. Within this framework we discuss processes of establishing structures, such as phase transitions, organization and self-organization. The paper introduces concepts and insights about the process of Acquiring Properties (AP) in systems, not just possessing properties. The last point relates to establishing, sustaining and managing new properties in emergent and organizational systems. In the Appendix we briefly discuss this approach for the concept of mind possessed by living matter.