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    EFFECTS OF SULFUR SUBSTITUTIONAL IMPURITIES ON ZnO STRUCTURE USING DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

    Zinc oxide (ZnO) electrical properties can be modified by addition of impurities or defects such as vacancies or other substances. We use sulfur (S) as a substitutional impurity and present a theoretical study on the characteristics of ZnO structures in its crystal form containing S in substitution of O. For theoretical calculations we used Density Functional Theory (DFT) with pseudopotentials and plane waves. ZnO in crystal form with S in substitution of O at heavy percentage was studied by analyzing properties like lattice characteristics, total energy, and gap energy. Lattice parameters a, b, c, and c/a ratio increase with the S-substituent percentage while the crystal stability decreases. Variation of gap energy shows a decreasing trend with increasing amount of substitution. In this paper, we provide a detailed data useful to identify the effects on ZnO in its crystal form when O is replaced by S that will help to predict if the structural changes on the modified ZnO structures may be suitable for applications in opto-electronics.