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Nanosized Cu–Mn composite oxide catalysts were prepared from potassium permanganate, copper nitrate, n-butanol, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a manganese source, copper source, reducing agent, and surfactant, respectively. The Cu${}_{0.2}$–Mn sample possessed a small particle size (10–40nm) and a relatively high specific surface area ($46.24{\mathrm{\text{m}}}^2\cdot {\mathrm{\text{g}}}^{-1}$); its main components were Cu${}_{1.5}$Mn${}_{1.5}$O₄ and Mn₃O₄. As a consequence, the Cu${}_{0.2}$–Mn catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity in the oxidation of toluene. At a toluene concentration of 1000ppm and a space velocity of $60,000\mathrm{\text{mL}}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{g}}}^{-1}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{h}}}^{-1}$, the $T_{50}$ and $T_{90}$ of the Cu${}_{0.2}$–Mn catalyst toward toluene were 239${}^{\circ }$C and 250${}^{\circ }$C, respectively. Furthermore, even after 30h of operation at 275${}^{\circ }$C, the conversion of toluene was 99% (at the space velocity of $60,000\mathrm{\text{mL}}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{g}}}^{-1}\cdot {\mathrm{\text{h}}}^{-1}$).