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We study the multiplicities of Young modules as direct summands of permutation modules on cosets of Young subgroups. Such multiplicities have become known as the p-Kostka numbers. We classify the indecomposable Young permutation modules, and, applying the Brauer construction for p-permutation modules, we give some new reductions for p-Kostka numbers. In particular, we prove that p-Kostka numbers are preserved under multiplying partitions by p, and strengthen a known reduction corresponding to adding multiples of a p-power to the first row of a partition.
We determine the submodule structure of the tensor square of the natural module of the symmetric group over a field of prime characteristic. We also determine the submodule structure of certain Young modules over a field of characteristic 2.