International Journal of Modern Physics A

The scientific world is well aware of Prof. Tsung-Dao Lee’s contribution to the Beijing Electron–Positron Collider (BEPC). At this time, between his ninetieth birthday and the sixtieth anniversary of the discovery of parity violation, as one of those involved in building the BEPC, I would like to recall some of the history around the construction of the BEPC, to discuss T. D. Lee’s key role in the process and show his passion for science in China.

We study and clarify in a reduced dynamical model for $\mathrm{\text{QCD}}(SU(\infty ))$ called Bollini–Giambiagi model and defined by constant gauge fields Yang–Mills path integral several concepts on the validity of string representations on $\mathrm{\text{QCD}}(SU(\infty ))$ and the confinement problem.

In the two zero flavor neutrino mass matrix scheme with nonvanishing Majorana effective mass $M_{ee}$ for the neutrinoless double beta decay, four textures are compatible with observed data. We obtain the complete list of the possible textures of four zero Dirac neutrino mass matrix $m_D$ in the seesaw mechanism providing these four flavor neutrino textures. Explicit analytical analysis of $m_D$ turns out to provide the relation of $m_D\propto \sqrt{M_{ee}}$.

We calculate the annihilation decay rates of the ${}^3{D}_2(2^{--})$ and ${}^3{D}_3(3^{--})$ charmonia and bottomonia by using the instantaneous Bethe–Salpeter (BS) method. The wave functions of states with quantum numbers $J^{PC}=2^{--}$ and $3^{--}$ are constructed. By solving the corresponding instantaneous BS equations, we obtain the mass spectra and wave functions of the quarkonia. The annihilation amplitude is written within Mandelstam formalism and the relativistic corrections are taken into account properly. This is important, especially for high excited states, since their relativistic corrections are large. The results for the $3g$ channel are as follows: ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{1^3{D}_2(c\bar{c})\to ggg}=9.24$ keV, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{1^3{D}_3(c\bar{c})\to ggg}=25.0$ keV, ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{1^3{D}_2(b\bar{b})\to ggg}=1.87$ keV and ${\mathrm{\Gamma }}_{1^3{D}_3(b\bar{b})\to ggg}=0.815$ keV.

We have calculated the orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons in the nucleon. The calculations are carried out in the next to leading order utilizing the so-called valon model. It is found that the average quark orbital angular momentum is positive, but small, and the average gluon orbital angular momentum is negative and large. We also report on some regularities about the total angular momentum of the quarks and the gluon, as well as on the orbital angular momentum of the separate partons. We have also provided partonic angular momentum, $L^{q,g}$ as a function of $Q^2$.

We study physics concerning the cosmological constant problem in the framework of effective field theory and suggest that a dominant part of dark energy can originate from gravitational corrections of vacuum energy, under the assumption that the classical gravitational fields do not couple to a large portion of the vacuum energy effectively, in spite of the coupling between graviton and matters at a microscopic level. Our speculation is excellent with terascale supersymmetry.

Depending on deformed canonical anticommutation relations, massless neutrino oscillation based on Lorentz invariance violation in noncommutative field theory is discussed. It is found that the previous studies about massless neutrino oscillation within deformed canonical anticommutation relations should satisfy the condition of new Moyal product and new nonstandard commutation relations. Furthermore, comparing the Lorentz invariant violation parameters A in the previous studies with new Moyal product and new nonstandard commutation relations, we find that the orders of magnitude of noncommutative parameters (Lorentz invariant violation parameters A) is not self-consistent. This inconsistency means that the previous studies of Lorentz invariance violation in noncommutative field theory may not naturally explain massless neutrino oscillation. In other words, it should be impossible to explain neutrino oscillation by Lorentz invariance violation in noncommutative field theory. This conclusion is supported by the latest atmospheric neutrinos experimental results from the super-Kamiokande Collaboration, which show that no evidence of Lorentz invariance violation on atmospheric neutrinos was observed.

The tensor formulation for the effective theory of QCD vector resonances, whose model we denote by TEVR, is given by an antisymmetric tensor field and describes spin 1 particles. Our goal is to show, by different approaches, that the Abelian version of this model presents the so-called “spin jumping” when we consider its massless limit. Classically we find, by the use of the equations of motion and the Hamiltonian constraint analysis, that the massive phase of the model describes spin 1 particles while its massless phase describes spin 0 particles. From the quantum point of view, we derive these conclusions via tree-level unitarity analysis and the master action approach.

Vectorlike interaction of additional heavy fermions with the standard bosons is constructed explicitly for the two-color case. Mass splitting in a set of heavy scalar baryons has been analyzed and it turns out that it is small. Relic abundance of the Dark Matter is calculated on the assumption that the lightest neutral scalar baryon is the Dark Matter carrier. The model predicts a strong relation between masses of pseudo-Goldstone states in the conformal limit.

Various attempts have been made to fully explain the mechanism by which a body has inertial mass. Recently, it has been proposed that this mechanism is as follows: when an object accelerates in one direction, a dynamical Rindler event horizon forms in the opposite direction, suppressing Unruh radiation on that side by a Rindler-scale Casimir effect whereas the radiation on the other side is only slightly reduced by a Hubble-scale Casimir effect. This produces a net Unruh radiation pressure force that always opposes the acceleration, just like inertia, although the masses predicted are twice those expected, see Ref. 17. In a later work, an error was corrected so that its prediction improves to within 26% of the Planck mass, see Ref. 10. In this paper, the expression of the inertial mass of a elementary particle is derived from the holographic scenario giving the exact value of the mass of a Planck particle when it is applied to a Planck particle.

We perform a bottom-up search for discrete non-Abelian symmetries capable of quantizing the Cabibbo angle that parameterizes CKM mixing. Given a particular Abelian symmetry structure in the up and down sectors, we construct representations of the associated residual generators which explicitly depend on the degrees of freedom present in our effective mixing matrix. We then discretize those degrees of freedom and utilize the Groups, Algorithms, Programming (GAP) package to close the associated finite groups. This short study is performed in the context of recent results indicating that, without resorting to special model-dependent corrections, no small-order finite group can simultaneously predict all four parameters of the three-generation CKM matrix and that only groups of ${𝒪}(10^2)$ can predict the analogous parameters of the leptonic PMNS matrix, regardless of whether neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana particles. Therefore, a natural model of flavour might instead incorporate small(er) finite groups whose predictions for fermionic mixing are corrected via other mechanisms.