International Journal of Modern Physics A

When performing a full calculation within the standard model (SM) or its extensions, it is crucial that one utilizes a consistent set of signs for the gauge couplings and gauge fields. Unfortunately, the literature is plagued with differing signs and notations. We present all SM Feynman rules, including ghosts, in a convention-independent notation, and we table the conventions in close to 40 books and reviews.

The single top quark production has an electroweak nature and provides an additional support to the top pair production source of the top quarks. The processes involving single top have unique properties and are very interesting from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. Short review of the single top quark production processes is given in the paper.

We present new classical generalized Jacobi elliptic one monopole–antimonopole pair (MAP) solutions of the SU(2) Yang–Mills–Higgs theory with the Higgs field in the adjoint representation. These generalized 1-MAP solutions are solved with θ-winding number m = 1 and ϕ-winding number n = 1, 2, 3,…,6. Similar to the generalized Jacobi elliptic one monopole solutions, these generalized 1-MAP solutions are solved by generalizing the large distance behavior of the solutions to the Jacobi elliptic functions and solving the second order equations of motion numerically when the Higgs potential is vanishing (λ = 0) and nonvanishing (λ = 1). These generalized 1-MAP solutions possess total energies that are comparable to the total energy of the 1-MAP solution with winding number m = 1. However these total energies are significantly lower than the total energy of the 1-MAP solution with winding number m = 2. All these new generalized solutions are regular numerical finite energy non-BPS solutions of the Yang–Mills–Higgs field theory.

This paper recalls and shows the origin of the transformation laws of the components of classical and quantum fields. They are considered from the "standard" and fiber bundle point of view. The results are applied to the derivation of the Heisenberg relations in quite general setting, in particular, in the fiber bundle approach. All conclusions are illustrated in a case of transformations induced by the Poincaré group.

We generalize the big bang model in a previous paper by extending the real vacuum scalar field to a complex vacuum scalar field, within the FLRW framework. The phase dynamics of the scalar field, which makes the universe a superfluid, is described in terms of a density of quantized vortex lines, and a tangle of vortex lines gives rise to quantum turbulence. We propose that all the matter in the universe was created in the turbulence, through reconnection of vortex lines, a process necessary for the maintenance of the vortex tangle. The vortex tangle grows and decays, and its lifetime is the era of inflation. These ideas are implemented in a set of closed cosmological equations that describe the cosmic expansion driven by the scalar field on the one hand, and the vortex–matter dynamics on the other. We show how these two aspects decouple from each other, due to a vast difference in energy scales. The model is not valid beyond the inflation era, but the universe remains a superfluid afterwards. This gives rise to observable effects in the present universe, including dark matter, galactic voids, nonthermal filaments, and cosmic jets.

The gauge symmetry breaking in some versions of 3-3-1 models can be implemented dynamically because at the scale of a few TeVs the U(1)_X coupling constant becomes strong. In this work, we consider the dynamical symmetry breaking in a minimal SU(3)_TC × SU(3)_L × U(1)_X model, where we propose a new scheme to cancel the chiral anomalies, including two-index symmetric (6) technifermions, which incorporates naturally the walking behavior in the Technicolor (TC) sector. The composite scalar content of the model is minimal and all the symmetry breaking is implemented by a multiplet of technifermions. The choice of TC representations not only provides the anomaly cancelation with a walking behavior, but is crucial to promote the model's full dynamical symmetry breaking. We consider the dynamical generation of technigluon masses and, depending on the 3-3-1 symmetry breaking scale (μ₃₃₁), we verify that the technigluon mass is strongly linked to the Z′ mass scale, for instance, if μ₃₃₁ = 1 TeV, we have M_Z′ > 1 TeV only if M_TG < 350 GeV.

We present a model that realizes both resonance-Regge (Veneziano) and parton–hadron (Bloom–Gilman) duality. We first review the features of the Veneziano model and we discuss how parton–hadron duality appears in the Bloom–Gilman model. Then we review limitations of the Veneziano model, namely that the zero-width resonances in the Veneziano model violate unitarity and Mandelstam analyticity. We discuss how such problems are alleviated in models that construct dual amplitudes with Mandelstam analyticity (so-called DAMA models). We then introduce a modified DAMA model, and we discuss its properties. We present a pedagogical model for dual amplitudes and we construct the nucleon structure function F₂(x, Q²). We explicitly show that the resulting structure function realizes both Veneziano and Bloom–Gilman duality.

Under a few mild assumptions, supersymmetry (SUSY) in four dimensions is shown to be spontaneously broken in a metastable vacuum in a self-consistent Hartree–Fock approximation of Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer/Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (BCS/NJL) type to the leading order, in the gauge theory specified by the gauge kinetic function and the superpotential of adjoint chiral superfields, in particular, that possess extended SUSY spontaneously broken to at tree level. We derive an explicit form of the gap equation, showing the existence of a nontrivial solution. The gauginos in the observable sector receive mixed Majorana–Dirac masses and are split due to both the nonvanishing 〈D⁰〉 and 〈F⁰〉 induced with 〈D⁰〉. It is argued that proper physical applications and assessment of the range of the validity of our framework are made possible by rendering the approximation into expansion.