International Journal of Modern Physics A

A Weyl (conformal) anomaly signals a subtle quantum breaking of classical conformal invariance in conformal field theory. Over the years, Weyl anomalies have been used to characterize nonperturbative properties of conformal field theory. Anomalies associated with the energy–momentum tensor, like the coefficients $c$ and $a$ in four space–time dimensions, are generic and have been studied extensively. More generally, in even dimensions, there are also conformal anomalies associated with any primary operator that has integer scaling dimension. Some of the most interesting features of Weyl anomalies have to do with their behavior under continuous deformations or in vacua with spontaneously broken conformal symmetry. In this review, we summarize the defining properties of conformal anomalies, their classification into A- and B-type, and their implications on the structure of correlation functions. We point out that type-B anomalies can exhibit complicated dynamics and review recent progress in the study of this dynamics with special focus on four-dimensional ${𝒩}=2$ superconformal field theories. We emphasize two applications of type-B anomalies in this context: potential constraints on the holonomy of superconformal manifolds and the deconstruction of anomalies in higher dimensions from anomalies in broken phases of lower-dimensional conformal field theories.

ClusterLogs is a framework for the automatic categorization of computing jobs and resources by error messages in distributed computing systems. Initially, it was developed for high-energy physics experiments, but it can be applied in other areas. The first prototype of the framework was limited to sequential execution and did not allow the processing of a large amount of data in an acceptable time. In the next prototype, the system was significantly improved by the parallelization of several data preprocessing stages. In this paper, we focus on the parallelization of the DBSCAN algorithm, the main method used for clustering of the numeric vectors representing the error messages.

This paper employs two analytical techniques, namely, the matching method and the thermodynamic geometry approach to investigate the insulator/superconductor phase transition holographically in the presence of a five-dimensional AdS soliton background. This is a sequel of our earlier work [D. Parai, S. Gangopadhyay and D. Ghorai, Ann. Phys. 403, 59 (2019)] where we carried out a similar analysis using the Sturm–Liouville eigenvalue approach. We have first used the matching method to obtain the critical chemical potential, condensation operator and the charge density. Next, we investigate the free energy and thermodynamic geometry of this model. This investigation of the thermodynamic geometry leads to the critical chemical potential of the system from the condition of the divergence of the scalar curvature. We have then compared the value of the critical chemical potential ${\mu }_c$ obtained from these two different methods. The findings are then compared with the numerical and analytical results obtained from the Sturm–Liouville technique.

Motivated by the correlated monopoles and vortices observed in lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), using Cho decomposition method and two successive gauge transformations which lead to the observation of chain configurations that include both monopoles and center vortices, we obtain a Lagrangian density that explicitly indicates these two magnetic defects and the interaction between them.

The presence of small neutrino masses and flavour mixings can be accounted for naturally in various models about extensions of the standard model, particularly in the seesaw mechanism models. In this work, we present a minimally extended seesaw framework with two right-handed neutrinos, where the active neutrino masses are derived in the radiative regime. Using the framework it can be shown that within certain mass limits, the light neutrino mass term can approach a form that is similar to its form under type-I seesaw mechanism. Apart from this, we show that the decay width of right-handed neutrinos (produced through the decay of $W$ boson in a particle collider) is short enough to cause a sufficiently long lifetime for the particles, thus ensuring an observable displacement in the LHC between the production and decay vertices. We comment on the fact that these displaced vertex signatures thus can serve as a means to verify the existence of these right-handed neutrinos in future experiments. Lastly, we line up the possibility of our future work where the vertex signatures of particles greater than the mass of $W$ boson can be worked upon.

The behavior of the mesons and diquarks is studied at finite temperatures, chemical potentials and densities, notably when the color superconductivity is taken into account. The Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model complemented by a Polyakov loop (PNJL description) has been adapted in order to model them in this regime. This paper focuses on the scalar and pseudoscalar mesons and diquarks, in a three-flavor and three-color description, with the isospin symmetry and at zero strange density. An objective of this work is to underline the modifications carried out by the color superconducting regime on the used equations and on the obtained results. It has been observed that the two-flavor color-superconducting (2SC) phase affects the masses and the coupling constants of the mesons and diquarks in a non-negligible way. This observation is particularly true at high densities and low temperatures for the pions, $\eta$ and the diquarks [ud] whose color is rg. This reveals that the inclusion of the color superconductivity in the modeling is relevant to describe the mesons and diquarks near the first-order chiral phase transition.

This paper aims to apply the octonions to explore the torques and forces and so forth in the electromagnetic and gravitational fields, investigating the influences of material media on the equilibrium and continuity equations. The contemporary scholars utilize the quaternions and octonions to research the electromagnetic fields and gravitational fields and so forth. In this paper, the octonions are capable of surveying the electromagnetic and gravitational fields within material media, including the octonion field strength, field source, angular momentum, torque and force. Further, the octonion field strength and angular momentum can be combined together to become the octonion composite field strength, deducing the octonion composite torque and force and others. When the octonion composite force is equal to zero under certain circumstances, it is able to achieve eight equations independent of each other, including the force equilibrium equation, fluid continuity equation, current continuity equation and so on. The above reveals that the material media and octonion field strength can make a contribution to the eight equilibrium and continuity equations. And it is beneficial for deepening the understanding of equilibrium and continuity equations within material media.