International Journal of Modern Physics B

We investigate the structure of gapless edge modes propagating at the boundary of some fractional quantum Hall states. We show how to deduce explicit trial wavefunctions from the knowledge of the effective theory governing the edge modes. In general, quantum Hall states have many edge states. Here, we discuss the case of fractions having only two such modes. The case of spin-polarized and spin-singlet states at filling fraction ν = 2/5 is considered. We give an explicit description of the decoupled charged and neutral modes. Then we discuss the situation involving negative flux acting on the composite fermions. This happens notably for the filling factor ν = 2/3 which supports two counterpropagating modes. Microscopic wavefunctions for spin-polarized and spin-singlet states at this filling factor are given. Finally, we present an analysis of the edge structure of a non-Abelian state involving also negative flux. Counterpropagating modes involve, in all cases, explicit derivative operators diminishing the angular momentum of the system.

In this study, we introduce a new method to control continuously the frustration caused by the quenched interaction in a given lattice, and we examine how the phenomenon changes by continuous control of the frustration, especially examining a continuous change of phase transition points. For this purpose, we introduce many-body correlation among original spin-interactions using a distribution function to express the correlations, which plays a role of a parameter to control the frustration. The transition points have been obtained by the cluster effective field theory. As a result, an interesting phase diagram has been obtained for the continuous change of frustration. Furthermore, phase transitions of various models can be analyzed systematically in a fixed lattice from this phase diagram with a variable of continuous change of frustration. In addition, it is understood that the spin-glass transition points do not depend on the disorder of the interaction and are decided only by the frustration.

We develop a scheme to investigate the flux of nonequilibrium transport based on the full counting statistics and nonequilibrium functional renormalization group method. As an illustrative example, we study the charge transfer in the system of an interacting quantum dot connected to two noninteracting reservoirs via tunneling. Within the lowest approximation in functional renormalization group, we obtain the cumulant generating function analytically.

DNA's shape mostly lies on its total energy F. Its corresponding equilibrium shape equations can be obtained by classical variation method: letting the first energy variation δ⁽¹⁾F = 0. Here, we not only provide the first variation δ⁽¹⁾F but also give the second variation δ⁽²⁾F in planar case. Moreover, the general shape equations of DNA are abstained and a mistake in Zhang et al., [Phys. Rev. E70, 051902 (2004)] is pointed out.

The combination of ¹⁹²Ir seed with the Leipzig applicators is used in a considerable number of clinical trials for skin cancer treatment. As is known, the beneficial effects of ionizing radiation for tumor treatment depends on the dosimetry accuracy. Nowadays, dosimetry calculations are supported by the characteristics provided by the manufacturer, which have been obtained from measurements with an ionization chamber in a phantom. Despite their benefit, the experimental data involves errors related to the positioning, energy, and angular dependence of the detectors. Thus, in order to get a detailed and more accurate dosimetry, the Monte Carlo code MCNP4C2 — Monte Carlo Neutron Particle, 4C2 version — has been employed to analyze the dose distribution in depth and at the surface in the skin cancer treatment using Leipzig applicators. On the other hand, some different measurements have been taken to validate the method and compare results. The results for this material of phantom (the skin with 0.5 cm thick over infinite soft tissue) can be used in treatment planning systems and also for computation of model dependent parameters like anisotropy dose function.

The effective actions for both local and global curved vortices are derived based on the derivative expansion of the corresponding field theoretic actions of the nonrelativistic Abelian Higgs and Goldstone models. The role of excitations of the modulus and the phase of the scalar field and of the gauge field (the Bogolyubov-Anderson mode) emitted and reabsorbed by vortices is elucidated. In the case of the local (gauge) magnetic vortex, they are necessary for cancellation of the long distance divergence when using the transverse form of the electric gauge field strength of the background field. In the case of global vortex taking them into account results in the Greiter–Wilczek–Witten form of the effective action for the Goldstone mode. The expressions for transverse Magnus-like force and the vortex effective mass for both local and global vortices are found. The equations of motion of both type of vortices including the terms due to the field excitations are obtained and solved in cases of large and small contour displacements.

We have established highly anisotropic features of the piezooptical coefficient behavior in L-lysine monohydrochloride dihydrate (LLMHCl) single crystals (a semiorganic material with space group P2₁). These coefficients show substantial anisotropy for the diagonal and off-diagonal tensor coefficients. The XRD analysis, FTIR, optical and FT Raman spectra were performed. Following the obtained data, principal role of the phonon sub-system was established.

For the first time, we construct a quantum impeller model, then we adopt the invariant eigen-operator (IEO) method to derive its vibration spectrum. Vibration spectrum of the quantum impeller composed of two types of laminae is also deduced. It seems to us that IEO method greatly simplifies the derivation.