International Journal of Modern Physics B

This study addresses the local $M$-fractional Radhakrishnan–Kundu–Lakshmanan (RKL) equation by utilizing the extended rational sine-cosine/sinh-cosh methods. We give the constraint conditions which guarantee the existence of the valid solitons and other solutions to the studied model. The reported solutions may be useful in explaining the physical meaning of the RKL equation and some other related nonlinear phenomena arising in nonlinear sciences.

Pentagonal noble metal crystals, with a five-fold-twinned (FFT) structure that exhibits prominent noncrystallographic symmetry, have been the focus of research in the past several decades due to their promising applications in various fields such as chemical and biological sensors, electronics and optoelectronics. A great deal of previous experimental studies and theoretical analyses suggested that such an FFT structure could only exist in the nanoscale crystals, because of the lateral restriction in growth, or in microscale crystals with re-entrant grooves that can effectively release the internal strain. In this study, we synthesized the microscale single-crystalline and multi-twinned Ag crystals with various morphologies, using physical vapor deposition (PVD). FFT Ag microwhiskers with diameters up to 10 $\mu$m were produced, but without re-entrant grooves on their side surfaces. Our findings suggest that FFT whiskers can be formed without the use of any surface-capping agents or without necessitating restriction in lateral growth. This further suggests that the current understanding of the surface passivation or the strain-restriction formation of five-fold-twined micro- and nanowhiskers needs improvement.

In this paper, we present the optical spectra of the ZrO₂ crystal containing oxygen vacancy based on the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The finite-size correction scheme (FNV) is employed to eliminate the artificial interactions and correct the defect formation energy of oxygen vacancies with three different charges (0, +1, +2). Besides, we use hybrid density functionals to relieve the band edge problem. Finally, we obtain the optical spectra for the F center and F${}^{+}$ center containing the electron–phonon coupling. The absorption peak of F center of threefold coordinate oxygen vacancy (V${}_{\mathrm{\text{O}}3}$) near 446 nm (2.78 eV) agrees well with the experimental value (2.83 eV), which can enhance the visible light photocatalytic ability of ZrO₂. The luminescence peak of the F${}^{+}$ center of fourfold coordinate oxygen vacancy (V${}_{\mathrm{\text{O}}4}$) is 561 nm (2.21 eV), which is close to the experimental value (2.5 eV).

In this study, a molecular dynamics (MD) study has been performed on composition and temperature dependences of mechanical properties of CdTe${}_{1-x}$Se${}_x$ ($x=0.25$, 0.50 and 0.75) nanowires with a diameter of 6.93 nm. The simulation results show that CdTe${}_{0.75}$Se${}_{0.25}$ nanowire seems to be more ductile, whereas CdTe${}_{0.25}$Se${}_{0.75}$ nanowire seems to be more brittle at 1 K. Moreover, the temperature and composition exert significant effects on the mechanical properties of CdTeSe nanowires under stretching. We conclude that the dominancy of Se atoms yields a higher stability and strength at the lower temperature of 1 K, whilst it is the same for the nanowires with both higher Te and Se contents at the higher temperature of 300 K. The radial distribution functions (RDFs) have also been calculated for the CdTeSe nanowires based on the pair separation distance at 1 and 300 K.

The factors influencing the dissemination of public opinion on social media, the main carrier of public opinion, are diverse, complex and changeable. Existing studies of influential factors of public opinion dissemination focus on the information itself and information sources in the dissemination process, failing to consider the comprehensive influence of multidimensional factors, such as information content, sources and channels. This study takes the identification of multidimensional influential factors of social media information dissemination as the research object and comprehensively sorts out the influencing factors of public opinion. To improve the scientific basis and accuracy of the research, multidimensional factors, including information characteristics, dissemination network structure and user-level attributes, are selected to analyze the effect of influential factors in different dimensions on the dissemination of social media public opinion information using econometric models. Three main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) The traditional information characteristics (information content) and information source attributes (user-level factor) are not the only key factors affecting information dissemination, while the information channel (network structure) is worth more consideration. (2) Netizens tend to pay more attention to the psychological and emotional attributes of information when forwarding public opinions. The communication mode in which offline social elites enlighten the public no longer exists; whether a user is a network celebrity or lives in the central area no longer significantly affects public opinion dissemination. (3) The higher the total amount of information users release, the more the information would interfere with the public opinion. This is mainly because users with a higher level of activity may release more invalid information about advertising that has nothing to do with public opinion events.

The characteristics of buoyancy-driven convection of nanofluid stream containing motile gyrotactic micro-organisms over a continuous heated surface are explored. The benefits of including micro-organisms to the suspension incorporate micro-scale mixing and foreseen enhanced stability of nanofluid. For heat transfer and mass transfer processes, non-Fourier’s heat flux theory and non-Fick’s mass flux theory are employed. This theory is actively under investigation to resolve some drawbacks of the famous Fourier’s Law and Fick’s Law. The modified parameters in conventional laws are thermal and solutal relaxation times, respectively. The governing equations are remodeled using appropriate similarity transformations into a system of coupled ordinary differential equations. Finite Element Methodology is used to obtain the solution of nonlinear coupled differential equations. The governing equations are associated with dimensionless parameters like $Ri,Nb,Nt,Le,{\beta }_e,{\beta }_c,Pe,\mathrm{\Omega }$. The influence of these parameters is analyzed graphically on velocity, temperature profile, concentration profile and density of micro-organisms. The computational results obtained reveal that the temperature profile and concentration profile have an inverse relationship with thermal relaxation and solutal relaxation time, respectively. Furthermore, the velocity increases with increasing values of the Richardson number, while a reverse pattern is observed for bioconvection Rayleigh number and Buoyancy ratio parameter.

To meet the needs of underground anti-seepage projects such as landfills better, the anti-seepage slurry modified by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) was prepared through laboratory experiments on the basis of the preliminary study of PBFC anti-seepage slurry. The main material of the slurry is bentonite modified by sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cement, fly ash and auxiliary materials such as sodium carbonate and polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The optimal ratio of the basic components of the anti-seepage slurry was optimized by the orthogonal test method. The permeability coefficient of the slurry was tested by the self-made constant head permeameter, and the age-resistant compressive strength was tested by the electronic press. The optimal mass ratio of each component of 1 liter slurry is: 20–22% bentonite, 20–22% cement, 16% fly ash, 0.15–0.2% sodium carbonate, 0.15–0.2% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.3% polycarboxylate superplasticizer. The permeability coefficient of the slurry consolidation body for 28 days is less than $1\times 10^{-8}$cm/s, and the unconfined compressive strength is 0.5–2.0 MPa. The performance indexes of the slurry are higher than those of the existing anti-seepage slurry, which can better meet the anti-seepage standard of urban landfill in China.

A novel approach for construction of quantum codes employing jacket transform is proposed in this paper. The constructed quantum nested codes has less complexities than the previous quantum codes in encoding procedures as well as decoding procedures. Furthermore, the quantum error codes can be constructed with an arbitrary size using the number decomposition, and the corresponding distance of constructed quantum codes can be adjusted by changing decomposition methods.

In this research, the anomalous isotope effect coefficient of LaSrCuO superconductor was investigated in the weak-coupling method. The constant and van Hove singularity density of state, pseudogap, and the form of pseudogap temperature dependence on critical temperature are included in our calculation. Finally, the numerical results are shown in comparison with the experimental data of LaSrCuO superconductor. We found that the van Hove singularity density of state and the inversely relation of pseudogap temperature and critical temperature can fit well with the anomalous isotope effect coefficient data of LaSrCuO superconductor.

This study reported a simulation of structural transition and correlation between structural and dynamical heterogeneity (DH) for liquid Al₂O₃. Structural characteristics of liquid Al₂O₃ were clarified through the pair radial distribution functions, the distribution of ${\text{AlO}}_x$ and ${\text{OAl}}_y$ ($x=3$, 4, 5, 6; $y=1$, 2, 3) basic structural units, angle and bond length distribution and 3D visualization. Simulation results revealed that network structure of liquid Al₂O₃ is built mainly by AlO₃, AlO₄, AlO₅ and AlO₆ units that are linked to each other through common oxygen atoms. We found the existence of separate AlO₄-, AlO₅- and AlO₆-phases where the mobility of atoms can be determined. The atoms in AlO₄-phase are more mobile than the ones in AlO₅- and AlO₆-phases. The existence of separate phases is evidence of DH in liquid Al₂O₃. Moreover, the self-diffusion of Al and O atoms was also discussed via characteristics of separate AlO₄-, AlO₅- and AlO₆-phases.

Current research is a computational study in which we focus on calculating optical properties of Eu-doped Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) system. We employ Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE)–generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for accomplishment of our study and we assume various Eu concentrations (3.12%, 6.25% and 9.37%) for doping into host CdS lattice. We substitute Cd atoms with Eu atoms while supercell size is kept fixed ($1\times 2\times 2)$. We present a detailed comparison among optical properties of pure CdS and various Eu concentrations. Partial density of states (PDOS) plots reveal hybridization among Cd $s$-states, S $p$-states and Eu $d\text{–}f$-states and because of it, material (CdS:Eu) shows exceptional energy transfer which influences optical spectra and electronic properties. A considerable change in absorption spectra is noted, where in comparison to pure CdS, absorption shows blueshift with increasing Eu concentrations. Our DFT results were found to have great resemblance with existing literature. Addition of Eu into the CdS lattice originates novelty in CdS:Eu system and number of potential applications related to the field of biomedical physics, amperometric biosensors, quantum dots (QDs) sensors, photonics, bioprinting, biosensing luminophores, solar cells and optoelectronics industry may be explored in technological perspectives.

With the proliferation of available network data, link prediction has become increasingly important and captured growing attention from various disciplines. To enhance the prediction accuracy by making full use of community structure information, this paper proposes a new link prediction model, namely CMS, in which different community memberships of nodes are investigated. In the opinion of CMS, different memberships can have different influence to link’s formation. To estimate the connection likelihood between two nodes, the CMS model weights the contribution of each shared neighbor according to the corresponding community membership. Three CMS-based methods are derived by introducing three forms of contribution that neighbors make. Extensive experiments on 12 networks are conducted to evaluate the performance of CMS-based methods. The results manifest that CMS-based methods are more effective and robust than baselines.

This paper presents a new 4D chaotic system by extending a 3D system to investigate chaotic systems² with hidden attractors further and explore their engineering applications in color image encryption. The system has hyperbolic shape equilibriums and the equilibriums are nonhyperbolic which is interesting and rarely mentioned before. The system has been investigated deeply by phase plot, time series, the largest Lyapunov exponent, bifurcation diagram, Poincaré map and 0–1 test. A coexisting hidden attractor has been found in this new system and the circuit simulation model of the system is built by Power Simulation (PSIM). Circuit simulation results are consistent with results of numerical simulations which verify its dynamic behavior further. Then, by combining the generalized Arnold transform with the new chaotic system, a new color image encryption algorithm has been proposed which has large key space and can encrypt either square images or nonsquare images with different size. Finally, the results of encryption experiment and security analysis prove the effectiveness of the algorithm.