International Journal of Modern Physics C

This study introduces a new human-based meta-heuristic algorithm, the Learning Cooking Algorithm (LCA), based on the opposition-based learning (OBL) strategy, namely the Opposition-based Learning Cooking Algorithm (OLCA). The proposed OLCA algorithm consists of four stages: the first stage, where the OBL strategy is implemented to improve the initial population; the second stage, where children learn from their respective mothers; the third stage, where children and mothers learn from chefs; and the fourth stage, where OBL is applied again to update the population. The proposed OLCA has been examined over 23 test functions, and the OLCA outcomes are equated with several popular and top-performing optimization algorithms. The statistical outcomes, such as the average (Ave), standard deviation (Std), Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and $t$-test, reveal that the outcomes of OLCA may effectively address optimization problems by maintaining a proper balance between exploitation and exploration. Furthermore, the proposed OLCA has been employed to solve three real-world engineering problems, such as the tension/compression spring problem, the gear train problem, and the three-bar truss problem. The results demonstrate the OLCA’s superiority and capability over other algorithms in solving engineering problems.

In contact processes, the population can have heterogeneous recovery rates for various reasons. We introduce a model of the contact process with two coexisting agents with different recovery times. Type A sites are infected with probability $p$, only if any neighbor is infected independent of their own state. The type $B$ sites, once infected recover after $\tau$ time-steps and become susceptible at $(\tau +1)\mathrm{\text{th}}$ time-step. If susceptible, type $B$ sites are infected with probability $p$, if any neighbor is infected. The model shows a continuous phase transition from the fluctuating phase to the absorbing phase at $p=p_c$. The model belongs to the directed percolation universality class for small $\tau$. For larger values of $\tau =8,16$, the model belongs to the activated scaling universality class. In this case, the fraction of infected sites of either type shows a power-law decay over a range of infection probability $p<p_c$ in the absorbing phase. This region of generic power laws is known as the Griffiths phase. For $p>p_c$, the fraction of infected sites saturates. The local persistence $P_l(t)$ also shows a power-law decay with continuously changing exponent for either type of agent. Thus, the quenched disorder in timescales can lead to the temporal Griffiths phase in models that show a transition to an absorbing state.

The inappropriate network structure often facilitates the epidemic spreading driven by traffic. In this paper, an edge reconnection strategy based on node closeness centrality is proposed to decrease the speed of epidemic spreading. In simulations, some evaluation indicators are introduced to measure the optimized effect. After adopting the proposed strategy, the spectral radius of optimized network gradually decreases as the number of edge reconnection increases, and eventually reaches a stable value. Consequently, the epidemic threshold, as a significant indicator to evaluate the speed of epidemic spreading, shows a noticeable increase. In addition, the comparisons of average path length and the scale of epidemic spreading can be intuitively obtained.

Based on the quantum coherence theory, we employ the $l_1$-norm measure to explore the steady-state coherence (SSC) in the spin-boson model. In this model, the environment is a non-Markovian bosonic bath with Ohmic-like spectral density. More generally, the interaction coupling between the qubit and the environment is a linear superposition of pure dephasing and pure damping coupling. Governed by the non-Markovian dynamics, some compact expressions of the SSC have been obtained at both zero temperature and high temperature. It shows that the hybrid coupling significantly affects the SSC. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis has been conducted to investigate the effects of various crucial factors, including the temperature of the bosonic bath, the qubit’s tunneling and the Ohmicity parameter. This analysis provides an effective approach for maintaining a relatively high SSC by manipulating system parameters.

Previous studies of group percolation models in interdependent networks with reinforced nodes have rarely addressed the effects of the degree of reinforced nodes and the heterogeneity of group size distribution. In this paper, a cascading failure model in interdependent networks with reinforced crucial nodes and dependency groups is investigated numerically and analytically. For each group, we assume that if all the nodes in a group fail on one network, a node on another network that depends on that group will fail. We find that rich percolation transitions can be classified into three types: discontinuous, continuous, and hybrid phase transitions, which depend on the density of reinforced crucial nodes, the group size, and the heterogeneity of group size distribution. Importantly, our proposed crucial reinforced method has higher reinforcement efficiency than the random reinforced method. More significantly, we develop a general theoretical framework to calculate the percolation transition points and the shift point of percolation types. Simulation results show that the robustness of interdependent networks can be improved by increasing the density of reinforced crucial nodes, the group size, and the heterogeneity of group size distribution. Our theoretical results can well agree with numerical simulations. These findings might develop a new perspective for designing more resilient interdependent infrastructure networks.

The weaving section on the freeway will be an active bottleneck due to vehicles’ mandatory or discretionary lane-changing (LC) conflicts. In the early stages of the development of intelligent connected transportation, destination information collection of weaving vehicles is possible, which provides an opportunity to improve performance in weaving traffic. In this paper, a simulation system with coordinated strategies embedded to satisfy the LC needs is presented under the weaving traffic flow. First, an algorithm is proposed to evaluate the balance between the demand for LC vehicles and the available gaps provided in weaving traffic, which can be adjusted by variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering strategies. Second, to validate the proposed algorithm, a typical weave section with a merge and a diverge connected through a single auxiliary lane is researched, and a simulation platform based on cellular automata has been developed. The optimal control strategies are obtained by model predictive control (MPC) and taking the minimum travel time as an objective. Third, the advantages of coordinated control strategies are studied and discussed in traffic efficiency improvement and the success of LC proportions under different combinations of weaving ratios and large vehicle traffic mix.

In this research, a computational approach is applied to model the blood flow inside the MCA aneurysm when the coiling technique is used for the treatment of the patients. To this end, porous condition with different permeability factors is applied and their impacts on the hemodynamic factors of wall shear stress, pressure and oscillatory shear index. The main attention is to find how endovascular technique could efficiently decrease the risk of bleeding in MCA aneurysms. Blood hemodynamic is simulated via solving transient Navier–Stokes equations with Casson model for the non-Newtonian condition for the blood stream. Besides, the impacts of the blood hematocrit are also examined on the hemodynamic characteristics. Attained results show that the effects of coiling permeability are significant on the reduction of the blood stress on the aneurysm.

The primary purpose of this work is to investigate the influence of a magnetic field on a micropolar fluid, which is rotating between two horizontally arranged parallel plates. A uniform magnetic field acts perpendicularly to the porous plate, which consumes fluid with a steady suction velocity. The obtained higher-order nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using similarity transformation. A semi-analytical methodology has been applied to obtain the result to the problem. The influence of various flow parameters of the flow field like coupling parameter, viscosity parameter, Reynolds number, porosity parameter, rotation parameter and magnetic field parameter has been examined and explained by graphs. A resemblance between the results obtained by solving by the differential transform method (DTM) and the outcomes of the former research works has also been displayed which shows the correctness and efficiency of the used analytical method. The numerical values of the coefficient of skin friction at the lower plate are also displayed in tabular form and compared with the literature.

In this study, models for the wake capture lift and drag force coefficients of a hovering flapping wing were presented using numerical fluid dynamics simulation to improve the blade element theory. The investigated wing is inspired by the fruit fly and has combined flapping and pitching movements. The effect of changing the wing acceleration time at the start ($\mathrm{\Delta }{\tau }_A$) and end of the half cycle ($\mathrm{\Delta }{\tau }_D$), as well as the Reynolds numbers in the range of 136–6800, on wake capture using the Taguchi orthogonal array test design, is investigated using the numerical fluid dynamics method, and the values of average lift and drag coefficients due to wake capture are obtained. These force coefficients were applied to linear and nonlinear regression methods to obtain the mathematical model, and a model for its changes was extracted. Finally, to obtain the instantaneous coefficients, the extracted models were placed in the normal distribution function, and the final instantaneous model was obtained. Examining the verification cases of the application of these wake capture relationships with the blade element theory, as well as the effects of translational force, rotational force and added mass force, revealed that this developed theory is capable of correctly predicting the wake capture force’s initial peak. The force coefficient trend in the final quasi-steady model with wake capture is similar to the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results, according to a qualitative examination of the lift and drag force coefficients in a half cycle. This demonstrates a significant result: this theory, which is divided into four parts: transnational, rotational, added mass and wake capture, adequately covers the general physics of these complex movements.

Dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl) is a fluorescence-labeled organic compound widely used in fields such as pharmacology, toxicology, organic synthesis and biochemistry. We perform a computational study of the structural, electronic, optical and vibrational properties of its orthorhombic crystalline form. We use the pseudopotential approach of the density functional theory (DFT) considering the generalized gradient approximation with dispersion correction (GGA+TS), the local density approximation (LDA) and the hybrid exchange-correlation functional HSE06. The band structure shows a direct gap in all approaches. Optical properties are calculated considering polarization along the polycrystal direction with the main features correlated to the band structure. Further, vibration modes, infrared (IR) and Raman spectra are also obtained and analyzed.

The influence maximization problem is one of the important research topics in the social network. We address the problems of meta-heuristic algorithms such as the high probability of entrapment in local optima, low accuracy of the solution, and decreasing diversity in the late iteration. The Double Clusters Multi-Verse Optimizer (DCMVO) algorithm is proposed as a solution to the problem of influence maximization. In DCMVO, based on the fact that nodes in the social network are susceptible to the influence of neighboring nodes, individuals in the globular cluster are updated using neighboring nodes with high similarity, which enhances local exploitation and improves the accuracy of the solution. To improve the global exploration, using a comprehensive learning strategy in the open cluster enables individuals to learn from surrounding individuals by dimensions, thereby expanding the search space. The wormhole mechanism is used to enhance the information interaction between double clusters during the iterative process, which serves to balance local exploitation and global exploration. Under the independent cascade (IC) model, extensive experiments conducted on seven actual social networks demonstrate the effectiveness of DCMVO.

In this study, an incompressible and immiscible two-phase flow solver was employed to assess the accuracy of phase-interface capturing methods in simulating two-phase flows. Three benchmark investigations were conducted involving two dam break flows with deformable free surfaces and the upward motion of a gas bubble through a liquid column. Four phase-interface capturing schemes, namely, MULES, HRIC and CICSAM from the Color Function Volume of Fluid (CF-VoF), and Interface Reconstruction Volume of Fluid (IR-VoF), were utilized. Comparative analysis of the phase interfaces indicated that CICSAM and IsoAdvector consistently provided sharp interfaces across all cases when compared to MULES and HRIC. The mass conservation performance of all schemes excelled in the dam-break case with relatively simple free-surface development and the rising bubble case. An examination of the local pressure distribution over time revealed that methods yielding diffusive interfaces produced inaccurate results. Thus, the importance of employing denser grids or schemes that yield sharper interfaces, such as CICSAM and IsoAdvector, to enhance simulation accuracy was underscored. Overall, the results of this analysis confirm that the IsoAdvector scheme, which provides sharp interfaces, is a reliable option for simulating incompressible immiscible two-phase flows.

Entanglement exhibits a unique property of quantum theory that is unseen in classical counterparts. The experimental confirmation of Bell’s inequalities has surprised many people and revived interest and debate regarding the exact nature of quantum theory, including the wave-particle duality. On the other hand, rapid advancements in computing technology in recent years have provided a new tool for investigating the nature of quantum theory. In this paper, numerical simulation is used to visualize the nonlocality implied in quantum entanglement. In particular, a Gedanken experiment of a discrete approximation of a continuous quantum space is provided, similar to the case of the dual nature of particle/wave in the double-slit experiment. The results are expected to provide a different angle for a deeper understanding of the mysterious nature of quantum correlations.

The paper analyzes a second-order Stokes wave theory by CFD code and uses the volume of fluid (VOF) method in a 2D numerical wave tank (NWT) in the intermediate depth of water under different wave steepness conditions. The CFD simulation in an NWT generates a wave, validated with the already published experimental and numerical data to check the accuracy. It shows that current results are in good agreement with the published result and the difference in the results is within 2.1027%. Six tests under different wave heights for the time period $T=3.24$s have been conducted in an NWT to verify the analysis of the wave theory. Horizontal and vertical velocity, surface elevation, and the velocity vector of the particle motion are the important objectives in this analysis. The study shows that the free surface of the water is a high energy density zone. The time discretization has been achieved with the first-order implicit scheme and the second-order upwind scheme. This analysis shows that the ocean characteristic of second-order Stokes wave theory on the free surface is important to the engineering sciences and further investigation.