International Journal of Modern Physics D

A modified version of the Reissner–Nordstrom (RN) metric is proposed on the grounds of the nonlinear electrodynamics model. The source of curvature is an anisotropic fluid with p_r = -ρ which resembles the Maxwell stress tensor at r ≫ q²/2m, where q and m are the mass and charge of the particle, respectively. We found the black hole (BH) horizon entropy obeys the relation S = ∣W∣/2T = A_H/4, with W the Komar energy and A_H the horizon area. The electric field around the source depends not only on its charge but also on its mass. The corresponding electrostatic potential Φ(r) is finite everywhere, being -m/2q at the origin and nonzero asymptotically, with Φ_∞ = m/q.

Gravitational collapse of matter in the presence of rotation is a mostly unexplored topic but it might have important implications for cosmic censorship. Recently a convenient setup was identified to address this problem, by considering thin matter shells at the interface between two equal angular momenta Myers–Perry spacetimes in five dimensions. This note provides more details about the matching of such cohomogeneity-1 spacetimes and extends the results obtained therein to arbitrary higher odd dimensions. It is also pointed out that oscillatory orbits for shells in asymptotically flat spacetimes can be naturally obtained if the matter has a negative pressure component.

We study the dynamics of a spherically symmetric thin shell of perfect fluid embedded in d-dimensional Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime. In global coordinates, besides collapsing solutions, oscillating solutions are found where the shell bounces back and forth between two radii. The parameter space where these oscillating solutions exist is scanned in arbitrary number of dimensions. As expected, AdS₃ appears to be singled out.

In this paper, the gravitational and electromagnetic signals due to accretion of charged fluids into a Schwarzschild black hole is revisited. We set up the perturbed Einstein equations and Maxwell equations coupled to the fluid equations on a stationary black hole as a system of differential equations that can be integrated as an initial value problem. We numerically investigate cases in which we varied the properties of the fluid. Our scenario may provide an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves in many situations of interest, enabling easier extraction and verification of gravitational waveforms from gravitational wave detection. We find that the features of the resulting electromagnetic signals depend on the properties and dynamics of the flow.

Cauchy horizons are well-known to exhibit instabilities in classical spacetime dynamics and singularities in quantum field theory. We analyze the response of an Unruh–DeWitt particle detector that falls toward a Cauchy horizon, in terms of the specifics of the horizon, the choice of the quantum state and the specifics of the detector's trajectory. As a prototype, we study in detail the case for the 1 + 1 Reissner–Nordström black hole with a scalar field in the Hartle–Hawking state. Comparisons are made with the response of a detector that falls into a Schwarzschild-like singularity.

In a previous paper, we have considered the Regge–Wheeler equation for fields of spin s = 0, 1 or 2 on the Schwarzschild spacetime in coordinates that are regular at the horizon. In particular, we have constructed in Eddington–Finkelstein (EF) coordinates exact solutions in terms of series that are regular at the horizon and converge on the entire open domain from the central singularity to infinity. Here, we extend this earlier work in two different directions. First, we consider in EF coordinates a massive scalar field that can serve as a dark matter candidate. Second, we extend the treatment of the massless case to Painlevé–Gullstrand (PG) coordinates, which are associated with radially infalling observers.

Quantum field theory on rotating black hole spacetimes is plagued with technical difficulties. Here, we describe a general method to renormalize and compute the vacuum polarization of a quantum field in the Hartle–Hawking state on rotating black holes. We exemplify the technique with a massive scalar field on the warped AdS₃ black hole solution to topologically massive gravity, a deformation of (2 + 1)-dimensional Einstein gravity. We use a "quasi-Euclidean" technique, which generalizes the Euclidean techniques used for static spacetimes, and we subtract the divergences by matching to a sum over mode solutions on Minkowski spacetime. This allows us, for the first time, to have a general method to compute the renormalized vacuum polarization, for a given quantum state, on a rotating black hole, such as the physically relevant case of the Kerr black hole in four dimensions.

We discuss the relation between perturbative gauge theory and perturbative gravity, and look at how this relation extends to some exact classical solutions. First, we give an overview of the double copy prescription that takes gauge theory amplitudes into gravity amplitudes, which has been crucial to progress in perturbative studies of supergravity. Then, we review how the self-dual sectors provide an important insight into the relation between the theories. A key role is played by a kinematic algebraic structure mirroring the color structure. Finally, we review how these ideas extend to some exact classical solutions, namely black holes and plane waves.

We discuss the problem of identification of coupling constants, which describe interactions between photons and spacetime curvature, using exact regular solutions to the extended equations of the nonminimal Einstein–Maxwell theory. We argue the idea that three nonminimal coupling constants in this theory can be reduced to the single guiding parameter, which plays the role of nonminimal radius. We base our consideration on two examples of exact solutions obtained earlier in our works: the first of them describes a nonminimal spherically symmetric object (star or black hole) with regular radial electric field; the second example represents a nonminimal Dirac-type object (monopole or black hole) with regular metric. We demonstrate that one of the inflexion points of the regular metric function identifies a specific nonminimal radius, thus marking the domain of dominance of nonminimal interactions.

Here, we give an extended review of the quasilinear reformulation of the Lovelock gravitational field equations in harmonic gauge presented by Willison [Class. Quantum Grav.32 (2015) 022001]. This is important in order to establish rigorously well-posedness of the theory perturbed about certain backgrounds. The resulting system is not quasidiagonal, therefore analysis of causality is complicated in general. The conditions for the equations to be Leray hyperbolic are elucidated. The relevance to some recent results regarding the stability analysis of black holes is presented.

We study the low frequency absorption cross-section of spherically symmetric nonextremal d-dimensional black holes. In the presence of α^′ corrections, this quantity must have an explicit dependence on the Hawking temperature of the form 1/T_H. This property of the low frequency absorption cross-section is shared by the D1-D5 system from type IIB superstring theory already at the classical level, without α^′ corrections. We apply our formula to the simplest example, the classical d-dimensional Reissner–Nordström solution, checking that the obtained formula for the cross-section has a smooth extremal limit. We also apply it for a d-dimensional Tangherlini-like solution with α^′3 corrections.

We review an explicit regularization of the AdS₂/CFT₁ correspondence, that preserves all isometries of bulk and boundary degrees of freedom. This scheme is useful to characterize the space of the unitary evolution operators that describe the dynamics of the microstates of extremal black holes in four spacetime dimensions. Using techniques from algebraic number theory to evaluate the transition amplitudes, we remark that the regularization scheme expresses the fast quantum computation capability of black holes as well as its chaotic nature.

Effective geometries arising from a hypothetical discrete structure of spacetime can play an important role in the understanding of the gravitational physics beyond General Relativity (GR). To discuss this question, we make use of lessons from crystalline systems within solid state physics, where the presence of defects in the discrete microstructure of the crystal determine the kind of effective geometry needed to properly describe the system in the macroscopic continuum limit. In this work, we study metric-affine theories with nonmetricity and torsion, which are the gravitational analog of crystalline structures with point defects and dislocations. We consider a crystal-motivated gravitational action and show the presence of topologically nontrivial structures (wormholes) supported by an electromagnetic field. Their existence has important implications for the quantum foam picture and the effective gravitational geometries. We discuss how the dialogue between solid state physics systems and modified gravitational theories can provide useful insights on both sides.

We consider the status of black hole (BH) solutions with nontrivial scalar fields but no gauge fields, in four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetimes, reviewing both classical results and recent developments. We start by providing a simple illustration on the physical difference between BHs in electro-vacuum and scalar-vacuum. Next, we review no-scalar-hair theorems. In particular, we detail an influential theorem by Bekenstein and stress three key assumptions: (1) The type of scalar field equation; (2) the spacetime symmetry inheritance by the scalar field and (3) an energy condition. Then, we list regular (on and outside the horizon), asymptotically flat BH solutions with scalar hair, organizing them by the assumption which is violated in each case and distinguishing primary from secondary hair. We provide a table summary of the state-of-the-art.

By mapping the nonadditive entropy composition law of the Bekenstein–Hawking formula to an additive one via the so-called "formal logarithm" operation, a new approach to the black hole entropy problem is considered. The new temperature function satisfies the zeroth law of thermodynamics, and turns out to be independent of the mass-energy parameter of the black hole in the case of the Schwarzschild solution. It is shown that pure isolated black holes are thermodynamically stable against spherically symmetric perturbations within this approach.

We study five-dimensional black holes in Einstein–Maxwell–Chern–Simons theory with free Chern–Simons (CS) coupling parameter. We consider an event horizon with spherical topology, and both angular momenta of equal magnitude. In particular, we study extremal black holes, which can be used to obtain the boundary of the domain of existence. Above a critical value of the CS coupling constant we find nonstatic extremal solutions with vanishing angular momentum. These solutions form a sequence which can be labeled by the node number of the magnetic U(1) potential or the inertial dragging. As the node number increases, their mass converges to the mass of the extremal Reissner–Nordström solution. The near-horizon geometry of the solutions of this sequence is the same. In general not all near-horizon solutions are found as global solutions, and we show nonuniqueness between extremal solutions and nonextremal ones.

A precise description of black hole evaporation requires a quantitative understanding of chiral symmetry breaking and confinement in the presence of strong gravitational fields. In this paper, we present a brief review of our recent work on the subject and explain our results in terms of the recently discussed chiral gap effect.

We discuss stationary bound states, a.k.a. clouds, for a massless test scalar field around Kerr black holes (BHs) and spinning acoustic BH analogues. In view of the absence of a mass term, the trapping is achieved via enclosing the BH — scalar field system in a cavity and imposing Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. We discuss the variation of these bounds states with the discrete parameters that label them, as well as their spatial distribution, complementing results in our previous work [C. L. Benone, L. C. B. Crispino, C. Herdeiro and E. Radu, Phys. Rev. D91 (2015) 104038].

We discuss the basic properties of a class of static and spinning black ringoids (Br) in d = 7 spacetime dimensions. These asymptotically flat solutions of the vacuum Einstein equations possess an S² × S³ event horizon topology. They are found for a specific metric ansatz and can be viewed as natural higher dimensional counterparts of the d = 5 black rings (BRs). Similar to that case, the static configurations are supported against collapse by conical singularities. We provide evidence for the existence of balanced solutions which are spinning and possess two equal magnitude angular momenta.

A spherically symmetric wormhole in Newtonian gravitation in curved space, enhanced with a connection between the mass density and the Ricci scalar, is presented. The wormhole, consisting of two connected asymptotically flat regions, inhabits a spherically symmetric curved space. The gravitational potential, gravitational field and the pressure that supports the fluid that permeates the Newtonian wormhole are computed. Particle dynamics and tidal effects in this geometry are studied. The possibility of having Newtonian black holes in this theory is sketched.

We survey results about exact cylindrically symmetric models of gravitational collapse in General Relativity. We focus on models which result from the matching of two spacetimes having collapsing interiors which develop trapped surfaces and vacuum exteriors containing gravitational waves. We collect some theorems from the literature which help to decide a priori about eventual spacetime matchings. We revise, in more detail, some toy models which include some of the main mathematical and physical issues that arise in this context, and compute the gravitational energy flux through the matching boundary of a particular collapsing region. Along the way, we point out several interesting open problems.

In this paper, a rotating thin shell in a (2 + 1)-dimensional asymptotically AdS spacetime is studied. The spacetime exterior to the shell is the rotating BTZ spacetime and the interior is the empty spacetime with a cosmological constant. Through the Einstein equation in (2 + 1) dimensions and the corresponding junction conditions we calculate the dynamical relevant quantities, namely, the rest energy–density, the pressure, and the angular momentum flux density. We also analyze the matter in a frame where its energy–momentum tensor has a perfect fluid form. In addition, we show that Machian effects, such as the dragging of inertial frames, also occur in rotating (2 + 1)-dimensional spacetimes. The weak and the dominant energy condition for these shells are discussed.

Gravitational compact astrophysical objects are excellent laboratories to test the strong field regime of theories of gravity. Among these compact objects, lies the ultracompact class: stellar structures that possess a light ring (circular null geodesic). Such ultracompact stars were presented in literature in the earlier solutions of general relativity, and some are claimed to be good candidates to the supermassive objects present at the center of galaxies. In this paper, we present evidences for the claim that compact objects with a light ring should be black holes, based on the existence of long-lived modes obtained through a first-order perturbation theory. These first-order long-lived modes can source nonlinear terms which could turn the star unstable. We show, in particular, a comparison between modes computed through an exact direct integration and through the WKB approximation. Moreover, we present the time evolution of wavepackets for different field configurations. We conjecture some possible outcomes of the nonlinear instability. The discussion presented in this work complements our previous paper [Phys. Rev. D90 (2014) 044069].

In an earlier paper, we have analytically determined the photon regions and the shadows of black holes of the Plebański class of metrics which are also known as the Kerr–Newman–NUT–(anti-)de Sitter metrics. These metrics are characterized by six parameters: Mass, spin, electric and magnetic charges, gravitomagnetic NUT charge and the cosmological constant. Here, we extend this analysis to the Plebański–Demiański class of metrics which contains, in addition to these six parameters, the so-called acceleration parameter. All these metrics are axially symmetric and stationary type D solutions to the Einstein–Maxwell equations with a cosmological constant. We derive analytical formulas for the photon regions (i.e. for the regions that contain spherical lightlike geodesics) and for the boundary curve of the shadow as it is seen by an observer at Boyer–Lindquist coordinates (r_O, ϑ_O) in the domain of outer communication. Whereas all relevant formulas are derived for the whole Plebański–Demiański class, we concentrate on the accelerated Kerr metric (i.e. only mass, spin and acceleration parameter are different from zero) when discussing the influence of the acceleration parameter on the photon region and on the shadow in terms of pictures. The accelerated Kerr metric is also known as the rotating C-metric. We discuss how our analytical formulas can be used for calculating the horizontal and vertical angular diameters of the shadow and we estimate these values for the black holes at the center of our Galaxy and at the center of M87.

In this paper, we consider the effects of distorted gravity on the traversability of the wormholes. In particular, we consider configurations which are sustained by their own gravitational quantum fluctuations. The Ultraviolet divergences appearing to one loop are taken under control with the help of a Noncommutative geometry representation and gravity's rainbow. In this context, it will be shown that for every framework, the self-sustained equation will produce a Wheeler wormhole, namely a wormhole of Planckian size. This means that, from the point of view of traversability, the wormhole will be traversable in principle, but not in practice. For this purpose, in the context of gravity's rainbow we have considered different proposals of rainbow's functions to see if the smallness of the wormhole is dependent on the chosen form of the rainbow's function. Unfortunately, we discover that this is not the case and we suggest that the self-sustained equation can be improved to see if the wormhole radius can be enlarged or not. Some consequences on topology change are discussed.