International Journal of Modern Physics E

This article focuses on the two-flavor color superconducting phase at moderate baryon density. In order to simultaneously investigate the chiral phase transition and the color superconducting phase transition, the Nambu–Gorkov formalism is extended to treat the quark-antiquark and diquark condensates on an equal footing. The competition between the chiral condensate and the diquark condensate is analyzed. The cold dense charge neutral two-flavor quark system is investigated in detail. Under the local charge neutrality condition, the ground state of two-flavor quark matter is sensitive to the coupling strength in the diquark channel. When the diquark coupling strength is around the value obtained from the Fierz transformation or from fitting the vacuum bayron mass, the ground state of charge neutral two-flavor quark matter is in a thermal stable gapless 2SC (g2SC) phase. The unusual properties at zero as well as nonzero temperatures and the chromomagnetic properties of the g2SC phase are reviewed. Under the global charge neutrality condition, assuming the surface tension is negligible, the mixed phase composed of the regular 2SC phase and normal quark matter is more favorable than the g2SC phase. A hybrid nonstrange neutron star is constructed.

An interesting method of obtaining the equation of state for nuclear matter, from a density dependent M3Y interaction, by minimizing the energy per nucleon is described. The density dependence parameters of the interaction are obtained by reproducing the saturation energy per nucleon and the saturation density of spin and isospin symmetric cold infinite nuclear matter. The nuclear matter equation of state thus obtained is then used to calculate the pressure, energy density, nuclear incompressibility and velocity of sound in nuclear medium. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data and provide a unified description of radioactivity, scattering and nuclear matter.

The recent WMAP data have confirmed that exotic dark matter together with the vacuum energy (cosmological constant) dominate in the flat universe. Supersymmetry provides a natural dark matter candidate, the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). Thus direct dark matter detection is central to particle physics and cosmology. Most of the research on this issue has hitherto focused on the detection of the recoiling nucleus. In this paper, we study transitions to the excited states, focusing on the first excited state at 50 keV of Iodine A=127. We find that the transition rate to this excited state is ≼10 percent of the transition to the ground state. So, in principle, the extra signature of the gamma ray following its de-excitation can be exploited experimentally.

The properties of neutron matter are investigated in the framework of the extended Brueckner–Hartree–Fock approximation at zero temperature. Self-consistent calculations using different realistic interactions are reported for pure neutron matter. In this contribution, all the self-energies are calculated self-consistently. Using the self-energy, k-mass is evaluated using realistic NN interactions. Furthermore, the effect of hole–hole contributions is examined. We found that the hole–hole ladder brought about a non-negligible contribution.

The excitation functions for eight reactions produced in the interaction of ¹⁴N+¹²⁸Te have been measured in the energy range ≈ 64–90 MeV using the activation technique. To the best of our knowledge these measurements have been performed for the first time. The measured excitation functions are compared with theoretical calculations done using the computer programs ALICE-91 and PACE. The effect of the variation of various program parameters on calculated excitation functions have been studied. The present analysis indicates that complete fusion, incomplete fusion and pre-equilibrium emission processes play important roles in these reactions.

Based on the (spin-independent) Sugar–Blanckenbecler eikonal expansion for the T-matrix, we parametrize the (spin-dependent) NN amplitude (SNN) which successfully describes the pp and pn elastic scattering observables at ~ 1 GeV up to the available momentum transfers. Using SNN, we calculate the differential cross-section, polarization, and spin-rotation function of ~ 1 GeV protons on ⁴He within the framework of the Glauber model. The analysis also includes the phase variation in the NN amplitude. It is found that the use of SNN, in comparision with the usually parametrized one-term amplitude, improves the agreement with the experimental data. The introduction of a global phase variation provides only a slight improvement over the results with a constant phase. However, if we allow different phases in the central- and spin-dependent parts of the NN amplitude, the agreement with the polarization data improves further without affecting the differential cross-section results.

The conditional moments of the charge distributions of the projectile fragments produced in the electromagnetic dissociation of 200A GeV ³²S projectiles are obtained based on an individual component model. The correlations between the conditional moments and thus, the distributions of conditional moments are studied. The experimental data are compared with the simple Monte Carlo partition method.

We have compared the binding energy of nuclear matter and the nucleon–nucleus optical potential, calculated in Brueckner theory starting from both the soft-core Urbana V-14 and the hard-core Hamada–Johnston internucleon potentials. Our results show that the real central part of the optical potential calculated from V-14 is about 10 MeV deeper than from the hard-core potential in the energy region 1–200 MeV. This greater depth mainly comes from the internucleon S- and D-states. In these states, the V-14 and Hamada–Johnston potentials give different phase shifts, the V-14 being in better agreement with experimental data. This difference is further enhanced by the Pauli principle in the calculation of the optical potential. Our analysis of proton–⁴⁰Ca differential cross-section and polarization data, in the energy region 30–200 MeV, shows that the optical potential calculated using V-14 is in better agreement with the data as compared with the Hamada–Johnston potential.