International Journal of Modern Physics E

In this article a brief review on nuclear fragmentation has been presented on both theoretical and experimental ground. On the theoretical aspects discussion on different models has been done. On experimental overview the multiplicity distribution, angular distribution, correlation and intermittent type of fluctuations have been discussed for black and grey particles is presented. An experimental review on projectile fragments is also given.

Starting from the WKB approximation, a new barrier penetration formula is proposed for potential barriers containing a long-range Coulomb interaction. This formula is especially proper for the barrier penetration with penetration energy much lower than the Coulomb barrier. The penetrabilities calculated from the new formula agree well with the results from the WKB method. As a first attempt, this new formula is used to evaluate α-decay half-lives of atomic nuclei and a good agreement with the experiment is obtained.

The Coulomb and nuclear heavy ion (HI) potentials are derived for an interacting pair of deformed nuclei assuming sharp surface model for each nucleus. The orientation and separation dependences of the Coulomb and nuclear interactions are studied. It is assumed ²³⁸U + ²³⁸U as an example, and the effect of quadrupole term is investigated. For the nuclear potential part based on M3Y nucleon–nucleon interaction, the sharp surface model shows much difference compared with the more accurate frequently used multipole expansion method while the success of this model in calculating the Coulomb potential between this deformed pair of nuclei exists in the physically important surface region.

A frontier field beyond atom and molecular control will be concentrated on the controlling of nuclei. Both theoretical design and laboratory experiments extremely need to be developed with the great progress of quantum physics and laser technology. This work is to focus on the computational approach to achieve the quantum control in nuclear reaction with a stable semi-discrete numerical paradigm in high dimensions. A reasonable physical model is established by multi-Klein–Gordon Schrödinger dynamics. Demonstrative experiments would provide the confident guidance to control quantum system at nuclei scale in real laboratory.

This paper presents new data on void analysis of target residues in ultrarelativistic nucleus–nucleus interaction. The study reveals a set of interesting observations. Void probability shows a scaling behavior at high energy (³²S–AgBr interactions at 200 A GeV) in both forward and backward hemisphere. Whereas such behavior is absent at low energy (¹⁶O–AgBr interactions at 60 A GeV) in backward hemisphere.

The Jacobi coordinates is used to eliminate center of mass motion of three-body systems. We write the results in hyperspherical coordinates and expand eigenfunction in a series of orthonormal complete set of Y_kαi(Ω_i) in partition i of Jacobi coordinates. The matrix elements of two-body interaction potential in hyperspherical harmonic approach are determined exactly using computed analytical form of Raynal–Revai coefficients to change the base set of Y_kαi(Ω_i) to other set such as Y_kαj(Ω_j). The generalized Laguerre functions are used to change the second order coupled differential equations to a non-differential matrix equation. This is solved to find energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of three-body molecules. The obtained results are in agreement with computational methods.

The modified URCA process produces efficient neutrino energy losses in neutron star cores, and has been shown to go via neutron and proton branches. Based on the improved electron chemical potential and critical temperature of superfluidity, the effects of strong magnetic field and superfluidity on the proton branch of modified URCA process are investigated simultaneously in this paper. The results show that strong magnetic field enhances the neutrino emissivities compared to the case in zero magnetic field, and superfluidity reduces the emissivities significantly. For the total neutrino emissivities, the magnetic field is dominant at the initial stage of neutron star cooling, but the superfluidity becomes crucial as the temperature drops below the critical temperature.

The properties of even–even Zr and Pb isotopes in the ground state are studied up to the neutron drip-lines on the basis of the Hartree–Fock method with Skyrme forces allowing for deformation (DHF). The DHF calculations with Ska forces predict the existence of stability peninsula (or island) around ¹⁵²Zr. On the example of Zr isotopes it is shown that adding neutrons to an already unstable nucleus with neutron excess can restore the stability. It is demonstrated that extremely neutron-rich Pb isotopes for 222≤A≤230 have abnormally large deformation parameters of proton and neutron density distributions. The existence of ^266–288Pb stable against one-neutron emission is also predicted.

Weinberg three-Higgs-doublet model attracts interest in many aspects including the study of CP-violation as well as calculating the muon transverse polarization and neutron electric dipole moment. In the present work, we calculate the mass terms of CP-violating Weinberg 3HDM at a charge-breaking vacuum using an elaboratre basis.

Microscopic local optical potentials from two sources were calculated by folding the numerical g-matrices over point proton and neutron RMF densities of target nuclei. The hard-core Hamada–Johnston and the soft-core Urbana v-14 local inter-nucleon potentials have been used to generate numerical g-matrices by solving Bethe–Goldstone integral equation. The calculated potentials have been used to analyze successfully both the proton and neutron differential elastic scattering and polarization data at 65 MeV over a wide mass region of targets: ¹²C–²⁰⁸Pb. Comparison of the present results with a phenomenological optical model analyzes is also presented. Mass number dependence of the mean square radii of the two microscopic potentials are in close agreement with each other as well as with empirical results.