International Journal of Modern Physics E

Neutrino physics has come a long way and made great strides in the past decades. We discuss the prospects of what more can be learned in this field in the forthcoming neutrino oscillation facilities. We will mostly focus on the potential of the long-baseline experiments and the atmospheric neutrino experiments. Sensitivity of these experiments to standard neutrino oscillation parameters will be presented. We will also discuss the prospects of new physics searches at these facilities.

In this paper, we focused on the different detector technologies used in the search of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay, from beginning till date. We have also explained the advance technology which is planned for near future by various worldwide experimental collaboration in the search of $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay.

The scale-dependence of the nucleon–nucleon (NN) potential, which in recent years has been extensively analyzed within the context of chiral effective field theory, is, in fact, inherent in any models constrained by a fit to scattering data. A comparison between a purely phenomenological potential and a set of local interactions derived from chiral effective field theory suggests that — owing to the ability to describe NN scattering at higher energies, as well as the deuteron momentum distribution obtained from the $y$-scaling analysis of electro-disintegration data — purely phenomenological potentials are best suited to describe nuclear dynamics at the scale relevant to neutron star matter and correlation effects in nuclei. The breakdown of the paradigm based on the description of nuclear systems in terms of point-like protons and neutrons is briefly discussed.

This work theoretically analyzed the role played by intrinsic degrees of freedom of the colliding partners and/or nucleon transfer channel in the fusion dynamics of ${}^{12}$C + ${}^{92}$Zr and ${}^{12}$C + ${}^{194,198}$Pt reactions. The theoretical calculations for the chosen reactions have been done by using symmetric–asymmetric Gaussian barrier distribution (SAGBD) model, coupled channel code CCFULL and one-dimensional Wong formula. The fusion excitation functions for these reactions are enhanced at energies lying in the sub-barrier regions with respect to calculations based on one-dimensional Wong formula. Such enhancement can be ascribed to the involvement of the low-lying inelastic surface excitations of the colliding systems and some other favored channels. The CCFULL calculations consider the couplings to low lying vibrational states of target isotopes and hence intimate the dominance of the collective excitations associated with the fusing partners. For all the studied reactions, the SAGBD model adequately addresses the sub-barrier fusion dynamics and thus the impacts of nuclear structure degrees of freedom associated with the collision partners are intrinsically incorporated via single Gaussian type of weight function. In the SAGBD approach, the nuclear structure effects are analyzed in terms of channel coupling parameter $(\lambda )$ and percentage reduction of effective fusion barrier $V_{\mathrm{\text{CBRED}}}$ with reference to the Coulomb barrier. The larger values for $\lambda$ and $V_{\mathrm{\text{CBRED}}}$ imply that the channel couplings due to internal structure of participants are significant at below barrier energies. The CCFULL calculations and SAGBD predictions consistently explain the fusion dynamics of chosen systems and hence reveal that both models have almost similar predictive power with respect to reported fusion data.

The nuclear charge pickup cross-sections of ${}^{12}$C on CH₂, C, Al, Cu and Pb targets at the highest energy of 288MeV/n were investigated using CR-39 nuclear track detector. The cross-section for H was calculated from those measured on C and CH₂ targets. The dependence of charge pickup cross-section on target mass was investigated. It was found that the nuclear charge pickup cross-section of ${}^{12}$C at our studied beam energies seems to exponentially depend on the target mass with the fitting exponent $b\sim 0.9$, which can be well explained by the peripheral and the surface collisions of the nuclear charge pickup reactions.

The Deformed Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (DBCS) approach is used to study the axial shape evolution of even–even ${}^{82-106}\text{Zr}$, ${}^{86-112}\text{Mo}$, ${}^{90-116}\text{Ru}$ and ${}^{94-122}\text{Pd}$ isotopic chains. Regarding the residual interaction, both like-particle pairing and unlike-particle pairing are considered in this study. It is found that, in general, the proton–neutron pairing does not affect the ground state shapes of nuclei except for few nuclei, where the inclusion of proton–neutron pairing predicts spherical shape in the ground state rather than a deformed one in case of considering only like-particle pairing. Pairing gaps, energies and strengths of both like- and unlike-pairing modes are discussed. One can conclude that the contribution of proton–neutron pairing to the total pairing energy is not negligible, even if the neutron excess number is high.

In this paper, a simple semi-empirical formula is proposed for angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides $(89\le Z\le 103)$. This formula produces angular momentum-dependent fission barriers with the simple inputs of atomic number (Z), mass number (A) and angular momentum ($\ell$). The fission barriers produced by the present formula are compared with that of experiments and other models. There is a good agreement between the present formula and experiments. The present formula could be used to evaluate the angular momentum-dependent fission barriers of actinides.

We apply the Lagrange-mesh $R$-matrix method to calculate the $S$-factor for the ${}^{13}$C${(p,\gamma )}^{14}$N and ${}^{16}$O${(p,\gamma )}^{17}$F direct radiative capture reactions. By comparing the astrophysical $S$-factors calculated with nonlocal and local potentials, we investigate the nonlocality effects coming from the nuclear potentials in the direct capture reactions. Our calculations are in good agreement with the experimental data and indicate a nonnegligible difference in the results of local and nonlocal potentials. The use of small diffuseness narrow potentials also provides a remarkably good fit in the case with multiple broad resonances. Our findings suggest that the nonlocal potential improves the calculated results although the difference between the local and nonlocal potentials is smaller than uncertainties from other sources. We propose the nonlocality potential should be used in the potential model calculation of future astrophysics rates evaluation.

Neutrinos ($\nu$) are produced in practically all extragalactic astrophysical processes. They can travel enormous distances from remote parts of the universe at velocities near the speed of light. The interaction of neutrinos with both galactic and extragalactic particles may shed light on the composition of these particles. Dark matter (DM) is perhaps the most favored candidate for such intra- and extragalactic media. In this paper, we study the interaction of neutrinos with cold leptonic DM at the relativistic level. We have calculated cross-sections for the $\nu$–DM interactions by adopting different models for the DM distribution, in order to test DM properties.

The existence of a new interaction involving the electron neutrino and the nucleons, which has received a convincing confirmation through a good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results concerning all observable processes with solar neutrinos, should also inevitably manifest itself in the deuteron disintegration by the neutral currents of reactor antineutrinos. The special attention is drawn to the problem of finding the neutron registration efficiency, discussed in the preparation of the experiment at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory and in a number of special studies. Lessons are noted that can be learned from three long-standing experiments on the deuteron disintegration by reactor neutrinos.

The collective Hamiltonian including isovector pairing and $\alpha$-particle-type correlation degrees of freedom is constructed. The Hamiltonian is applied to description of the relative energies of the ground states of even–even nuclei around ${}^{56}$Ni. A satisfactory description of the experimental data is obtained. A significant improvement of the agreement with the experimental data compared to our previous calculations is explained by inclusion in the Hamiltonian of the dynamical variables describing $\alpha$-particle-type correlations.

In this paper, we use a multi-phase transport model to simulate the parton evolution time-dependent transverse asymmetry in peripheral Pb–Pb ($b=14$–15fm) and p–Pb ($b=0$–1fm) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{\text{NN}}}}=5.02$TeV, respectively. The simulated results showed that the initial spatial asymmetry depends on the collision system, while both the initial momentum asymmetry and final momentum asymmetry are independent on the collision system. It is also shown that the final momentum asymmetry is similar to the initial momentum asymmetry. Furthermore, the averaged transverse shape asymmetry, which includes the initial spatial asymmetry, the initial momentum asymmetry, and the final momentum asymmetry, is significantly dependent on the transverse momentum and particle species identity (PID). The PID scales ordering transverse asymmetry indicated that it provides a possible observation for studying the fluctuating droplet properties of quark–gluon plasma, which may produce in heavy-ion collisions.