International Journal of Nanoscience

This paper explores the novel approach towards bio-reduction using Couroupita guianensis flower extract as a reducing and stabilizing agent in the synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. The experiments were conducted at a constant temperature of $32\pm 2^{\circ }$C. The surface plasmon resonance band of silver and gold nanoparticles occurred at 420nm and 540nm, respectively. The investigation proved that the formation of silver nanoparticle started within 7min and it was completed at end of 6h, while in the case of gold nanoparticles the reaction completed in 5.30h. The characterization of the formed nanoparticles was performed using transmission electron microscope, zeta potential and x-ray diffraction studies. The size of the silver and gold nanoparticles ranged between 10nm and 18nm and 5nm and 28nm, respectively. The effectiveness of cotton fabric impregnated with silver and gold nanoparticles was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

A group of BaGd₂ZnO₅ microcrystalline powders doped with Sm${}^{3+}$, Dy${}^{3+}$, Nd${}^{3+}$ and Er${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$ were prepared by high temperature solid phase method, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that all the products were pure BaGd₂ZnO₅ crystals, belonging to orthorhombic system and Pbnm space group. The emission spectra of Sm${}^{3+}$, Dy${}^{3+}$, Nd${}^{3+}$ single-doped and Er${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$ double-doped samples under specific wavelength excitation were measured. The change of luminescence intensity at strong emission peak with doping concentration of doped ions was studied, and concentration quenching effect was found. The CIE color coordinates of the prepared samples were calculated. The results show that all coordinates doped with Sm${}^{3+}$ are located in the orange red region. All coordinates of Dy${}^{3+}$ doping samples are located in the yellow light region, but close to the white light region. All coordinates of Nd${}^{3+}$ doping sample are located in the blue-green region. The upconversion luminescence of Er${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$ co-doped sample belongs to yellow light region.

This paper has solved the nonrelativistic equation with the external uniform electric potential and magnetic and Aharonov–Bohm (AB) fields in a dot. We have obtained the three-term recurrence relation for the expansion coefficients using the series method. In continuing, we have found two different conditions. Then, using the obtained conditions, we have calculated the energy eigenvalues and eigenfunction. We have then obtained the main thermodynamic quantities such as the free energy, mean energy, entropy, specific heat, magnetization and persistent currents for our system. Also, we extended the calculations to an interaction-free $N$-body system. The obtained analytic results are compared with other results, and some of the obtained results are discussed, too.

Nd${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$ co-doped lutetium-based glass sample and glass ceramic sample were prepared with the molar ratios of 52SiO₂-8Na₂CO₃-16Al₂O₃-33NaF-3LuF₃-0.15Yb₂O₃-0.03Nd₂O₃ by the high temperature melting method in 1400^∘C. Under the excitation of 980nm diode laser, up-conversion luminescence spectrum of glass sample and glass ceramic sample was measured and three stronger up-conversion luminescence peaks at the wavelength of 552nm, 656nm and 668nm were observed, and up-conversion luminescence strengths of glass ceramic sample are higher than those of glass sample. The two-photon absorption of three emission peaks was determined by the fitting curve graph of up-conversion emission power and LD wording current. Absorption spectrum of glass ceramic sample was obtained and spectral strength parameters were computed as ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_2=2.97\times 10^{-20}$cm², ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_4=0.54\times 10^{-20}$cm², ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_6=3.58\times 10^{-20}$cm² by adopting Judd–Ofelt theory, and the root mean square deviation between the theoretical oscillator strength and the experimental oscillator strength were calculated as ${\delta }_{\mathrm{\text{rms}}}=1.41\times 10^{-6}$. Transition probability, branching ratio of ⁴F${}_{3∕2}$ to its lower level and lifetime of ⁴F${}_{3∕2}$ level of Nd${}^{3+}$ ions were calculated, and the results indicate that the prepared Nd${}^{3+}$/Yb${}^{3+}$ co-doped glass ceramic sample is a kind of good up-conversion material.

NiTi Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) is now widely used in important applications due to its shape memory effect (SME) and biocompatibility. However, there is still a challenge to control the sizes and shapes of these nanoparticles. Here, we report on the use of pulsed laser deposition technique for the cultivation of NiTi nanoparticles on glass substrates. It discussed the implications of the case of the influence of depositing laser energy on the size of a grain of NiTi nanoparticle. The nominated effect on the optical properties of its thin-film was also discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the films prepared at 800mJ, 900mJ and 1000mJ were amorphous structures. The Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) results confirmed that the thin films are made up of spherical particles that are evenly distributed (in terms of size). A blueshift in the bandgap was observed in the UV–Visible absorption spectra with increase in the depositing laser energy due to the quantum confinement effect of nanoparticle formation.

Employing inexact arithmetic circuits in error-resilient applications results in reduction of hardware-level metrics such as power consumption, delay and occupied area. These criteria are very important in portable applications because they are battery limited. Full Adder cell is as a building block of many arithmetic circuits. Therefore, it can influence the performance of the entire digital system. This paper presents a novel low-power and high-speed design of one-bit inexact full adder cell based on 32-nm (CNFET) technology for error resilient applications. This design technique can be utilized in various applications particularly in image processing. The presented design employs capacitive threshold logic (CTL) approach which significantly reduces the number of transistors. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is considered to evaluate accuracy of circuits at application level. Then extensive simulations regarding various power supplies, temperatures and loads at transistor level are performed to measure power consumption and propagation delay criteria. Moreover, some new metrics are introduced to trade-off between application and hardware level parameters. Comprehensive simulations demonstrate the supremacy of the proposed cell than others.

This study describes the synthesis of Protorhus longifolia methanolic leaf extract-loaded Eudragit nanoparticles (NPs) and assessment of their antioxidant activity comparative to the free methanolic extract. The latter was also analyzed for its total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The extract-loaded NPs were obtained through the emulsification solvent evaporation process and systematically characterized using the dynamic light scattering, entrapment efficiency, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The antioxidant power was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) in vitro model systems. Screening of the different classes of secondary metabolites was carried out through chemical reaction tests. Identification of the potential antioxidants was performed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique and the database of National Institute Standard and Technology (NIST). The characterization techniques showed spherical-like particles having an average size of 150nm and zeta potential of $-$22mV. The percentage of entrapped methanolic extract was determined to be 83%. The antioxidant assay demonstrated that this methodology persuaded an efficient concentration-dependent potential. This study indicates that nanoformulation of the Protorhus longifolia extracts leads to a suitable system for the enhancement of antioxidant activity. The appraisal of other pharmacological activities of the nano-encapsulated Protorhus longifolia methanol extract is under process.

This work investigates the electronic momentum density (EMD) distribution in nanosize zirconia (ZrO₂) using the technique of Compton scattering. The ZrO₂ nanoparticles (11.2nm) are synthesized of mechanical milling and characterized by SEM, XRD and TEM probes. The Compton profile $J(p_z)$ of nanoZrO₂ is measured by Compton spectrometer 59.54KeV Gamma rays (Americium-241) source. The study finds out that EMD in nanoZrO₂ is narrower comparing in case bulk ZrO₂. This study adopts the ionic-model-based free atom $J(p_z)$ calculation for many configurations (Zr)${}^{+x}$(O${}^{-x∕2}$)₂ ($0.0\le x\le 0.2$) to measure the charge transfer (CT) on the compound formation. According to this study’s findings, CT values in these materials are ranged from 1.5 to 1.0 electrons from Zr to O atom.

This work explores the electrical, dielectric and physical characteristics of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene reinforced Poly vinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer nanocomposite films, over a wide frequency range, ranging from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. Films are prepared with different weight percentage of MWCNTs or graphene powder within a PVDF host matrix and its intrinsic properties are compared with pure PVDF films. As the weight percentage increases, the material properties such as conductivity (electrical), permittivity (dielectric) and capacitance (dielectric) will change. PVDF is a dielectric and the fillers are conductors, and this gives rise to the phenomenon of percolation, as the weight percentage of conducting fillers increases. This paper explores film’s properties for different weight percentage of MWCNTs and graphene fillers. Tunneling current of graphene–PVDF films are also compared with MWCNT–PVDF films.

In this paper, we report the preparation and characterization of a sensitive and reusable nonenzymatic glucose (NEG) sensor based on copper nanowires (CuNWs)/polyaniline (PANI)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite ink. The CuNWs/PANI/rGO nanocomposite ink was prepared by solvothermal mixing of CuNWs, PANI, rGO and binders. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques were used to assess the structural and morphological parameters of prepared nanocomposite ink. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was used to estimate the electrochemical behavior of prepared NEG sensor. The structural, morphological and spectroscopy results confirmed the change in morphological and oxidation state of CuNWs to CuO nanostructures as a constituent of nanocomposite ink. The CuO nanostructures supported on PANI/rGO demonstrated good electrochemical stability and great electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation. At a glucose oxidation potential of 0.64V, the prepared NEG sensor exhibited great electrocatalytic ability by offering a high sensitivity of 843.06$\mu$AmM${}^{-1}$cm${}^{-2}$ in the linear glucose range 0–4mM with a lower detection limit of 1.6mM. In addition to these outstanding performance characteristics, CuNWs/PANI/rGO nanocomposite ink-based NEG sensor has the advantages of ease of fabrication, low cost and reusability.