Journal of Computational Biophysics and Chemistry

The electroosmotic force effect on the peristaltic motion of the third-grade fluid is considered in a uniform channel. The governing equations that supplement the flow are designed for long wavelengths and low Reynolds numbers. Solutions are obtained for velocity, temperature, concentration, and trapping by considering the variable liquid properties for analyzing the various parameter effects. These effects are depicted through graphs and the relevance is discussed. The variable fluid properties have a declining impact on the velocity and temperature fields. Increasing the Helmholtz–Smoluchowski velocity values decreases the velocity field. Temperature decreases as the Deborah number increases. The velocity slip characteristics rise, and the trapping bolus’s size shrinks. The results of this paper may be beneficial in understanding the control of microvascular transport in the time of fractionation of blood into plasma and erythrocytes.

Cancer is known as a deadly disease in which some of the body cells enhance irrepressibly and spread to the other parts of the body. It can start almost anywhere in the human body and these are made up of trillions of cells. Recent researches show that the gold mettle’s tiny size particles can be helpful to cure or overcome this disease due to its high atomic number, which can produce the heat that leads to deal with the distortion of tumors. The motivation of this study is to report the entropy generation and heat-transfer analysis in blood flow holding the gold nanoparticles in an asymmetric channel with electro-osmotic phenomena. The mathematical model is developed and simplified by using suitable assumptions. The thermal radiation effects are also incorporated, which are commonly used related to destroying skin diseases. The exact solutions of velocity, shear stress, temperature, stream function, pressure gradient, pressure rise, entropy generation and Bejan number have been obtained. The impact of involved parameters on important physical quantities is highlighted through the graphical method. The results show that the entropy generation and Bejan number enlarge via slip parameter, Casson parameter, Joule heating parameter and heat generation parameter. Results pointed out that the gold nanoparticles enhance the temperature distribution, which makes them capable enough to destroy the cancer cells. It is also noted that the spherical shape is effective in all solutions, but in entropy generation, the platelet shape is more effective than others.

With the aim of recovery and training of the patients suffering from osteoarthritis, muscular dystrophy and stroke, we present a design and validation model of a mechanical rehabilitation device for the hand. The objective is to bring together the advances in mechanism effectiveness, reduced size, simpler assembly, and lower manufacturing costs. As a result, the proposed exoskeleton employs a minimal number of components and has a very simplistic design. Moreover, training on the designed hand should reduce spasticity, paresis and recover the tone of the muscle. The designed device can deliver motions that include opening/closing, pronation/supination of the hand and flexion/extension of the hand as well as the arm. This work will focus toward increasing DOF, cost-effectiveness and some modifications in the design to ease assembly. Three servo motors and a linear actuator were used virtually to obtain four different motions. 3D designing of the parts, parts assembly, simulation and studies like kinematic, dynamic and static were carried out. Static analysis of the device shows the device is able to carry the loads without any fracture or deformation. Preliminary results obtained through motion curves show this device is able to deliver all the required motions smoothly without facing any dead point.

Due to their unique thermal and magnetic characteristics, gold-DNA nanoparticles have a wide spectrum of uses in pharmacology, drug delivery systems, treatment for cancer, and other disciplines. The current problem that analyzes the planar Poiseuille flow consists of gold nanoparticles with a typical fluid based on kerosene. The impact of mixed convection is considered in conjunction with the effects of radiative heat flow and thermo-diffusion (Soret). The numerical technique is utilized to solve the one-dimensional transformed equation for flow phenomena using the built-in MATLAB function bvp5c, with specific fixed values of relevant parameters adjusted. However, for different parameters that are either joint or unique, they are presented in both the surface and two-dimensional plots. It is observed that the particle concentration, as well as the resistive forces, favors greatly influencing the fluid velocity; nevertheless, raising the Peclet number also retards it owing to thermal conductivity retardation. The fluid concentration increases as the Reynolds number increases, but the shear rate decreases. Furthermore, in the conclusion section, the applications for the present research and future scope are discussed.

This paper investigates modeling and analysis of entropy generation in bioconvective non-radiative Sisko nanofluid flow by stretchable cylinder. Momentum relation is modeled in view of Darcy Forchheimer and porosity effects. Dissipation, Joule heating and heat generation impacts are accounted in energy relation. Mass concertation communication is constructed in manifestation of Arrhenius energy and chemical reaction. Brownian dispersion and thermophoretic effects of solid nanoparticles in Sisko liquid are stabilized by self-propelled gyrotactic microorganisms. The flow governing model is obtained utilizing boundary layer concepts. Fluid transport equations are made dimensionless via transformations and then tackled by NDSolve code in Mathematica package. Variation in transport properties versus effective parameters is examined via graphs and tables. It is perceived from obtained results that Sisko nanofluid velocity decays versus higher curvature parameter, Hartman number, porosity and Forchheimer variable. Further, it is observed that temperature distribution enhances for heat generation variable, Eckert number, Brownian movement variable, thermophoresis motion parameter and Prandtl number. Main observations are listed in the end.

Due to the higher coefficients of heat and mass transfer, the jet flow has become an effective source for the transfer of heat and mass in various industries. Due to these high coefficients, the heat and mass transfer rates will be high in the appliances equipped with the jet flow. Further, the existence of the magnetic field helps in controlling the velocity and the presence of the gyrotactic microorganisms ensure proper mixing of nanoparticles. A dilute nanoparticle suspension is assumed so that it will not affect the movement of motile cells that leads to bioconvection. Hence, this paper aims to analyze the characteristics of heat transfer as well as mass transfer of the jet flow of Williamson nanofluid past a porous stretching sheet in the existence of microorganisms. The mathematical model obtained as a result of these assumptions is transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations for which acceptable solutions are obtained using the numerical method. The results thus obtained are presented graphically and based on the outcomes, it is perceived that the magnetic field has control over the velocity profile thus influencing the thermal profile. The increase in the Williamson parameter also reduces the velocity of the fluid flow. Further, an increase was noticed in the thermal and concentration profiles of the nanofluid for higher values of thermophoresis parameter and the increase in the porosity reduced the speed of the flow of nanofluid.

The importance of non-Newtonian fluid (Casson fluid) in industry is increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about the flow rheology of Casson fluid flowing over a Riga plate. Thus, the purpose of this investigation is to examine the nature of entropy generation (EG) and heat transfer (HT) on Casson hybrid nanofluid flow past a Riga plate by considering the influences of magnetic field and thermal radiation. The Hamilton–Crosser (Model 1) and Xue model (Model 2) of thermal conductivity are incorporated for Casson hybrid nanofluid. The governing equations are solved by numerical methods i.e., bvp4c and shooting techniques. In the current framework, the comparative patterns for both models of temperature, velocities, EG and Bejan number are depicted due to the existing parameters. The domain of the pertinent parameters is taken as thermal radiation, $4\le Ra\le 7$; stretching parameter, $0.6\le \lambda \le 1$; Casson factor, $0.5\le \delta \le 2$; rotation parameter, $1\le {\Re }_t\le 4$and Hartmann number, $2\le Ha\le 11$. The outcomes show that the rise in volume fraction and thermal conductivity profile of Xue model (Model 2) is better than Hamilton–Crosser model (Model 1). Moreover, EG profiles are escalated with augmentation in values of Hartmann number and stretching parameter for both models. The results of the study are useful for predicting the rheology of right fluid, while it also assists in safeguarding the boundary layer (BL) separation, along with establishing a parallel force to the surface in assisting the domain of science and technology.

An investigation on framing the features of Newtonian heating, suction/blowing, viscous dissipation on magneto hydrodynamic mixed convective Williamson fluid flow over a porous stretching wedge that is influenced by thermal radiation. The con-temporary model is employed to simulate the non-Newtonian behavior of fluid over porous wedge which stretches faster or slower than free stream velocity. Practical applications of wedge flow are drug delivery, cancer treatment, biotechnology and biomedicine. Initially, the major partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations via a suitable set of similarity transformation and then solved by the developed bvp4c algorithm in MATLAB. A comprehensive analysis of definite parameters on the profiles of velocity, temperature, ${\mathrm{\text{Nu}}}_{\mathrm{\text{loc}}}$, and skin friction coefficient is explained and scrutinized. The results indicate that elaboration in $M$ and We shows a decline in velocity profile at $R=1.6$ but an opposite trend for $R=0.4$. However, temperature increases for both $R=1.6∕0.4$. Furthermore, (at $R=0.4$), an augmentation in Pr results in uphill local Nusselt number. The consequences of the present exploration are compared with the existing works in specific situations and more agreement has been perceived.

In recent times, nanoparticle-embedded flows are becoming household fluid in emerging medical interventions associated with thermal therapy. The place of thermal analysis is critical to underscore the potential of bio-nanofluidics and to perform a biothermal mechanical analysis of its performance during remediation strategies. This paper presents a thermal expedition of a hybrid nanofluid embedded in blood flow under a transient regime on the strength of a robust numerical scheme. The effect of heterogeneous–homogeneous chemical reaction on a magnetic field mediated hyperthermia over a porous substrate is mathematically expatiated in this report. Under Boussinesq approximation, the thermal model was formulated for the problem while homotopy analysis was employed to capture chemical dynamics and thermal transport in hybrid blood-based nanoliquid. Elaborate analysis of the prevailing physicochemical attributes of the flow under magnetic field imposition is sufficiently discussed within the framework of biological systems. These observations reported in this study could find application in the field of bio-nanotechnology in thermal-based therapy procedures in a realistic clinical scenario.

The study explores the velocity of Casson fluid that is time-independent over an exponentially infinite isotherm vertical permeable sheet. The impact of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) with Casson flow over the permeability sheet is examined. In contrast, thermal radiation and heat sink parameters have been incorporated. This study’s primary goal is to determine the significance of thermal radiation on Casson flow with MHD using an analytical solution over a permeable sheet. The flow of the fluid occurs above the sheet when $y$ is greater than zero, and the sheet extends far away in the $x$-direction. The model of governing equations is reduced by applying a suitable set of dimensionless parameters. These dimensionless systems of equations are solved through the Laplace transformation method. The impacts of various variables over velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, and Nuseelt number are scrutinized. These variables contain magnetic field $M$, Casson fluid parameter $\beta$, Ghroshof number $\mathrm{\text{Gr}}$, modified Grashof number $\mathrm{\text{Gc}}$, Prandtl number $\mathrm{\text{Pr}}$, thermal radiation $\mathrm{\text{Rd}}$ and Scimdth number $\mathrm{\text{Sc}}$. These plots are sketched for the considerable magnitude of these variables through the Mathematica Software, and these plots are discussed in detail. Results show that the increasing value of $M$ reduces the fluid velocity but velocity of fluid is enhanced with larger values of $\mathrm{\text{Gr}}$, $\mathrm{\text{Gc}}$ and $\beta$. The impact of Skin friction and Nusselt number is elaborated by tabular outlined.

Two separate types of multiphase flow models have been developed theoretically in this paper. Fourth-grade fluid model of non-Newtonian in nature is considered the main carrier. Silver and gold metallic particles of spherical shape suspend to form highly viscous multiphase flows which drift through an inclined channel. Effects of magnetic fields acting across the channel are applied as the body force. An approximate solution for the nonlinear flow dynamics of the two-phase suspensions. A comprehensive parametric study is performed to graphs against the pertinent parameters. Further, the obtained mathematical results and visual evidence are validated through computational data and found to be in completer agreement. It is inferred that gold multiphase suspensions can effectively be used in chemical and coating processes.