Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics

Novikov superalgebras are related to the quadratic conformal superalgebras which correspond to the Hamiltonian pairs and play fundamental role in the completely integrable systems. In this note, we divide Novikov superalgebras into two types: N and S. Then we show that the Novikov superalgebras of dimension up to 3 are of type N.

The article deals with local symmetries of the infinite-order jet space of C^∞-smooth curves in ℝ^m+1 (m ≥ 1). Transformations under consideration are the most general possible: they need not preserve the distinction between dependent and independent variables and the order of derivatives may be arbitrarily changed. Unlike the common prolonged point and Lie's contact transformations, they destroy the finite-order jet spaces.

Invariant linearization criteria for square systems of second-order quadratically nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be represented as geodesic equations are extended to square systems of ODEs cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives. It is shown that there are two branches for the linearization problem via point transformations for an arbitrary system of second-order ODEs and its reduction to the simplest system. One is when the system is at most cubic in the first derivatives. One obtains the equivalent of the Lie conditions for such systems. We explicitly solve this branch of the linearization problem by point transformations in the case of a square system of two second-order ODEs. Necessary and sufficient conditions for linearization to the simplest system by means of point transformations are given in terms of coefficient functions of the system of two second-order ODEs cubically nonlinear in the first derivatives. A consequence of our geometric approach of projection is a rederivation of Lie's linearization conditions for a single second-order ODE and sheds light on more recent results for them. In particular we show here how one can construct point transformations for reduction to the simplest linear equation by going to the higher space and just utilizing the coefficients of the original ODE. We also obtain invariant criteria for the reduction of a linear square system to the simplest system. Moreover these results contain the quadratic case as a special case. Examples are given to illustrate our results.

The conserved quantities for the heated radial liquid jet and the heated radial free jet are established by using conservation laws. The flow in a heated radial jet is described by Prandtl's momentum boundary layer equation, the continuity equation and the energy equation. Viscous dissipation is neglected. The multiplier approach is used to derive the conservation laws for the system of three equations for the velocity components and the temperature and three conserved vectors are obtained. The conservation laws for the system of two partial differential equations for the stream function formulation are also computed by the multiplier approach and three conserved vectors are obtained. One of these is a non-local conserved vector for the system. The conserved quantities for the heated radial liquid jet and the heated radial free jet, emitted into a stationary fluid of uniform temperature θ_∞, are derived by integrating the conservation laws across the jet.

We indicate how one can extend any dynamical system (namely, any system of nonlinearly coupled autonomous ordinary differential equations) so that the extended dynamical system thereby obtained is either isochronous or asymptotically isochronous or multi-periodic, namely its generic solutions are either completely periodic with a fixed period or tend asymptotically, in the remote future, to such completely periodic functions or are multi-periodic (or become multi-periodic only asymptotically, in the remote future). In all cases the scale of the periodicity can be arbitrarily assigned. Moreover, the solutions of the extended systems are generally well approximated by those of the original, unmodified, systems, up to a constant rescaling of the independent variable (time), as long as their evolution is considered over time intervals short with respect to the (arbitrarily assigned) periodicities characterizing the extended systems. Several examples are displayed. In some cases the general solution of these dynamical systems is also exhibited; in others, this is impossible inasmuch as the models being manufactured are extensions of dynamical systems displaying chaotic evolutions, such as, for instance, the well-known Lorenz model of 3 nonlinearly coupled ODEs.

We consider Lotka–Volterra systems in three dimensions depending on three real parameters. By using elementary algebraic methods we classify the Darboux polynomials (also known as second integrals) for such systems for various values of the parameters, and give the explicit form of the corresponding cofactors. More precisely, we show that a Darboux polynomial of degree greater than one is reducible. In fact, it is a product of linear Darboux polynomials and first integrals.

This paper introduces a new type of symmetry reductions called extended nonclassical symmetries that can be studied for parameter identification problems described by partial differential equations. Including the data function in the parameter space, we show that specific data and parameter classes that lead to a reduced dimension model can be found. More exactly, since the extended nonclassical symmetries relate the forward and inverse problems, the dimension of the studied equation may be reduced by expressing the data and parameter in terms of the group invariants. The main advantage of these new symmetries is that they may be incorporated into the boundary conditions as well, and, consequently, the dimension reduction problem can be analyzed on new types of domains. Special group-invariant solutions or additional information on the parameter can be obtained. Besides, in the case of the first-order partial differential equations, this symmetry reduction method might be an effective alternative tool for finding particular analytical solutions to the studied model, especially when the Maple subroutine pdsolve does not output satisfactory results. As an example, we consider the nonlinear stationary heat conduction equation. Our MAPLE routine GENDEFNC which uses the package DESOLV (authors Carminati and Vu) has been updated for this propose and its output is the nonlinear partial differential equation system of the determining equations of the extended nonclassical symmetries.