Modern Physics Letters A

We review a new paradigm for baryogenesis in which the fundamental Lagrangian is baryon conserving [invariant under U(1)_B]. At high temperatures, U(1)_B is spontaneously broken and an excess of quarks over antiquarks of 10⁻¹⁰s (s≡entropy density) is produced. Today, U(1)_B is restored. A fundamental consequence of our assumptions is that the baryon number of the Universe is constant. If initially zero, it will be zero today. The excess baryon number produced in the quark fields is exactly compensated by antibaryon number in a weakly interacting scalar particle. We suggest that this scalar provides the mass density necessary to close the Universe.

By virtue of theoretical investigations of V. Rubakov on nucleons and nuclei decay with monopole-nucleon interaction, a qualitative analysis of the drift motion of the ‘mon’ in the air is conducted. The physical picture obtained coincided in detail with the descriptions of the ‘ball-lightning’, for which reason ‘ball-lightning’ is considered evidence for the magnetic monopole.

A natural generalization of the notion of the gauge coupling constant appearing in the covariant derivation operator is obtained by replacing it with a field Γ which takes values in the linear hermitian invertible mappings ( is the Lie algebra of the gauge group G equipped with a G-invariant inner product). In this case the eigenvalues of Γ(x) for each point x from the space-time take the role of the usual single gauge coupling constant.

We describe a field theoretic formulation for one-dimensional string theory. It is given by the collective field representation of the matrix model and leads to a physical interpretation of the theory as that of a massless scalar field in two dimensions. The additional dimension, coming from the large-N color of the matrix model, has an extent which goes to infinity in the continuum limit. The interactions of the field theory are non-zero only at the boundaries of this additional dimension.

We study the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the 3D Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) system. This action has one transverse, massive, parity sensitive degree of freedom. We show that after symmetry breaking, this excitation remains massive (although with an increased value) while the other transverse, parity sensitive, vector-like degree of freedom of the system (initially non-excited) acquires mass. These two masses are always different. Covariant, light-front and canonical analysis of the massive MCS system is given as well as the two coupled reduced actions. The quartic behavior of the system propagator stems from this coupled structure.

We discuss the connection of the anthropic principle and dynamical coupling constants originating in the baby universe picture of quantum gravity. It is argued that the mass of the Higgs boson should be equal to 45 GeV provided the electroweak scenario of baryogenesis is correct.

We quantize non-abelian gauge theory with only a Chern-Simons term in three dimensions by using the generalized Hamiltonian formalism of Batalin and Fradkin for irreducible first-and second-class constrained systems, and derive a covariant action for the theory which is invariant under the off-shell nilpotent BRST transformation. Some aspects of the theory, finiteness and supersymmetry are discussed.

Earlier simulations of dynamically triangulated random surfaces with a pure Gaussian (Polyakov) action have suggested that the incorporation of a term which is equivalent to the square of the scalar curvature, R², in the continuum can affect the properties of the surfaces, despite the fact that such a term appears to be irrelevant on dimensional grounds. However, simulations by the current authors and Catterall of dynamically triangulated random surfaces with extrinsic curvature produced essentially identical results despite differing coefficients for the R² term. In this short note we show that small (positive or negative) values of this coefficient have little effect but that large values to produce measurable effects. This explains the concordance of our previous results with Catterall’s and also provides evidence for non-universal behavior in the random surface model.

We propose a composite SU(2)×SU(2) Skyrme model which contains the original Skyrme model as a special case. We find that in one special case, the predicted pion decay constant is 185 MeV which is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 186 MeV. Moreover, some other predicted static properties also agree well with the experiment, while a disagreement persists for the magnetic properties.

We present simple observations on the topological nature of N=2 superconformal field theories. We point out that under a suitable redefinition of the energy-momentum tensor the central charge of N=2 theory vanishes and the theory is transformed into a topological quantum field theory. BRST invariant observables are given by chiral primary fields. We also discuss the relevant perturbations of N=2 and SU(2) coset models.