Modern Physics Letters A

We estimate the fractional contribution of the Penguin term to the most important asymptotic ground state meson matrix elements of H_w by fitting the calculated K_S→π⁺π⁻ decay rate and K_L-K_S mass difference to their observed values and show that the Penguin contribution does not play a dominant role for the |ΔI| = ½ rule. We then discuss long distance effects on the CP violation in the mixing by using the estimated fraction.

The ellipsoidal bag model is used to calculate the hadronic transitions in heavy QǬ system. The results are compared with those from the spherical bag model and QCS model. In our calculation, BR(ϒ″→ϒπ⁺π⁻)=4.6, which agrees with the experimental data BR(ϒ″→ϒπ⁺π⁻)=4.5±0.8 quite well. This result is much better than that obtained from the spherical bag model.

In this work, we show that for a particular choice of translations in the phase space in the context of quantum mechanics, we get a Manin plane. In this framework, we construct the quantum mechanical Galilei group.

We discuss a two-generation left-right symmetric model with two Higgs bi-doublets and a discrete symmetry to show that spontaneous CP violation arises as a result of soft breaking of the discrete symmetry. The contributions to the CP violation parameter ε in the transition come from the box diagrams due to W_L-W_R exchanges as well as from the mixing of the real and imaginary parts of the flavor changing neutral Higgs at the tree level and both contributions depend on the relative phase difference between the vacuum expectation values (vevs) of the relevant neutral Higgs scalars. Other CP violating effects in the model are consistent with their experimental values for the appropriate choice of the model parameters. The extension of the model to the realistic case of three generations of fermions does not appreciably change the phenomenology of the model.

We describe an iterative scheme which allows us to calculate any multi-loop correlator for the complex matrix model to any genus using only the first in the chain of loop equations. The method works for a completely general potential and the results contain no explicit reference to the couplings. The genus g contribution to the m-loop correlator depends on a finite number of parameters, namely at most 4g−2+m. We find the generating functional explicitly up to genus three. We show as well that the model is equivalent to an external field problem for the complex matrix model with a logarithmic potential.

We discuss Ward identities in five-dimensional Abelian Chern-Simons theory. Using the Ward identities we calculate correlation functions of some field variables which are invariant under diffeomorphisms and gauge transformations. We show that the correlation functions are expressed by the linking number.

It is shown that the parameters of two negative binomials describing the multiplicity distribution of secondary charged particles are connected with the mechanisms of generations and decays of two-body resonances.

The partial-decay-rate asymmetries indicating the CP-violating effects in decays into two-body baryons are examined within the Kobayashi-Maskawa model. The branching ratios of the decays and the numbers of pairs needed for testing these effects are estimated. It turns out that the CP violation asymmetries and the branching ratios are generally small and it is difficult to test the effects in experiments.

The singularities at x=0 in the calculable point-like part of the photon structure function are expected to be increasingly severe in higher orders of QCD. Starting from the inhomogeneous Altarelli-Parisi equations a simple and transparent proof of this result is given which emphasizes how these singularities arise and also shows how they are automatically regularized by including input from a reference . The behavior of the singularities in higher orders is studied. The effect of this on the validity of using the calculable asymptotic solution is discussed.

Motivated by evidence for a chiral phase transition in strong coupling lattice QED we calculate the two-particle spectrum of the broken QED phase. This is done in the framework of a Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model with U(1) symmetry including chiral symmetry and symmetry breaking properties of QED. The second order chiral phase transition behavior in our model and in lattice QED are in excellent agreement. We then present a detailed analysis of the spectra of the e⁺e⁻ modes in the broken phase. We examine whether these modes have any possible relationship to the narrow e⁺e⁻ resonances found in soft heavy ion collisions at GSL. Our answer is negative.

It is shown that a gauge theory for complex scalar field with up to sextic self-interactions and a Chern-Simons term in 2+1 dimensions has solitons which may become bubbles of the stable broken-symmetry phase in a medium of the symmetric one producing the first order phase transition. In the non-relativistic limit scale invariance prevents the determination of an optimal bubble size. Possible extensions to 3 + 1 dimensions of bubbles of string type are indicated.