Modern Physics Letters A

We explore how chiral-symmetry constraints on weak-interaction matrix elements point toward the existence of an intermediate-state σ in several different weak-interaction processes. Particular attention is directed toward recent evidence for a σ within three-body nonleptonic weak decays.

We show that a nonlinear dynamical system in Poincaré–Dulac normal form (in ℝⁿ) can be seen as a constrained linear system; the constraints are given by the resonance conditions satisfied by the spectrum of (the linear part of) the system and identify a naturally invariant manifold for the flow of the "parent" linear system. The parent system is finite dimensional if the spectrum satisfies only a finite number of resonance conditions, as implied e.g. by the Poincaré condition. In this case our result can be used to integrate resonant normal forms, and sheds light on the geometry behind the classical integration method of Horn, Lyapounov and Dulac.

An attempt has been made to analyze the magnetic symmetry of the non-Abelian gauge theory associated with the strong interactions using the fibre bundle formulation. Utilizing the gauge field topology, the analysis of dual dynamics associated with the non-Abelian fields is shown to have important bearings on the nonperturbative hadronic effects like confinement of colored quarks and gluons inside hadrons. The state of dual superconductivity for the magnetically condensed vacuum has been analyzed to understand the bulk QCD magnetic properties by evaluating the current correlators in magnetic gauge in terms of the dielectric parameters. The dielectric behavior has been shown to lead to the p^-4 confining nature to the dual gluon propagators and to provide an effective macroscopic description of the complicated nonperturbative microscopic interactions of charged particles in dual QCD. The p^-4 behavior of dual gluon propagator has also been shown to confirm the linearly rising inter-quark confining potential with an explicit dual gluon mass dependency in dual QCD.

Hawking radiation emanating from two-dimensional charged and uncharged dilatonic black holes — dimensionally reduced from (2+1) spinning and spinless, respectively, BTZ black holes — is viewed as a tunneling process. Two-dimensional dilatonic black holes (AdS(2) included) are treated as dynamical background in contrast to the standard methodology where the background geometry is fixed when evaluating Hawking radiation. This modification to the geometry gives rise to a nonthermal part in the radiation spectrum. Nonzero temperature of the extremal two-dimensional charged black hole is found. The Bekenstein–Hawking area formula is easily derived for these dynamical geometries.

The experimental information indicates that for the ground pseudoscalar states, the omission of the transition amplitudes between quarkonia can result in the unreasonable result. It is believed that the mass of the pure glueball employed in the general form of the mass matrix is different from the mass predicted by lattice QCD in quenched approximation for the ground pseudoscalar glueball. The mass relation between the pure and physical ground pseudoscalar glueballs is determined from the experimental data.

If the standard model of quark interactions is supplemented by a discrete A₄ symmetry (which may be relevant for the lepton sector), the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak gauge symmetry allows arbitrary quark masses, but all mixing angles are predicted to be zero. A pattern of the explicit breaking of A₄ is proposed, which results in a realistic charged-current mixing matrix.