Modern Physics Letters A

In the framework of the unimodular metagravity, with the scalar graviton/graviscalar dark matter, a regular anomalous one-parameter solution to the static spherically symmetric metagravity equations in empty space is found. The solution presents a smooth graviscalar halo, with a finite central density profile, qualitatively reproducing the asymptotically flat rotation curves of galaxies. To refine the description the study of the axisymmetric case in the presence of luminous matter is required.

The new formal analogy between superfluid systems and cosmology, which emerges by taking into account the back-reaction of the vacuum to the quanta of sound waves,¹ enables us to put forward some common features between these two different areas of physics. We find the condition that allows us to justify a General Relativity (GR) derivation of the hydrodynamical equation for the superfluid in a four-dimensional space whose metric is the Unruh one.² Furthermore, we show how, in the particular case taken into account, our hydrodynamical equation can be deduced within a four-dimensional space from the wave equation of a massless scalar field.

The fluid-dynamical model of a self-gravitating mass of viscous liquid with singular density at the center vibrating in fundamental mode is considered in juxtaposition with that for Kelvin fundamental mode in a homogeneous heavy mass of incompressible inviscid liquid. Particular attention is given to the difference between spectral formulas for the frequency and lifetime of f-mode in the singular and homogeneous models. The newly obtained results are discussed in the context of theoretical asteroseismology of pre-white dwarf stage of red giants and stellar cocoons — spherical gas-dust clouds with dense star-forming core at the center.

A phenomenological law, called Benford's law, states that the occurrence of the first digit, i.e. 1, 2,…, 9, of numbers from many real world sources is not uniformly distributed, but instead favors smaller ones according to a logarithmic distribution. We investigate, for the first time, the first digit distribution of the full widths of mesons and baryons in the well-defined science domain of particle physics systematically, and find that they agree excellently with the Benford distribution. We also discuss several general properties of Benford's law, i.e. the law is scale-invariant, base-invariant and power-invariant. This means that the lifetimes of hadrons also follow Benford's law.

The linearized gravitational field equation in de Sitter (dS) four-dimensional space is gauge invariant under some special gauge transformations. It is also gauge invariant in ambient space notations in which the field equation is written in terms of the Casimir operators of dS group. In this paper the field equation is solved in terms of a gauge-fixed value (i.e. in the minimal case). It is shown that the solution can be written as the multiplication of a generalized symmetric rank-2 polarization tensor and a massless minimally coupled scalar field in ambient space notations. The two-point function is calculated in ambient space notations, which is dS-invariant and free of any divergences. This two-point function has been expressed in terms of dS intrinsic coordinates, from its ambient space counterpart, which is clearly dS-invariant and free of any divergences again.

We go beyond the Standard Model guided by presymmetry, the discrete electroweak quark–lepton symmetry hidden by topological effects which explain quark fractional charges as in condensed matter physics. We show that partners of the particles of the Standard Model and the discrete symmetry associated with this partnership appear as manifestations of a residual presymmetry in the sense of Ekstein and its extension from matter to forces. This duplication of the spectrum of the Standard Model keeps spin and comes nondegenerated about the TeV scale.