Modern Physics Letters A

I review the ideas of holographic spacetime (HST), cosmological SUSY breaking (CSB), and the Pyramid Schemes, which are the only known models of Tera-scale physics consistent with CSB, current particle data, and gauge coupling unification. There is considerable uncertainty in the estimate of the masses of supersymmetric partners of the Standard Model particles, but the model predicts that the gluino is probably out of reach of the LHC, squarks may be in reach, and the NLSP is a right-handed slepton, which should be discovered soon.

Lack of any baryon number in the eightfold way model, and its intrinsic presence in the SU(3)-flavor model, has been a puzzle since the genesis of these models in 1961–1964. First we show that the conventional popular understanding of this puzzle is actually fundamentally wrong, and hence the problem being so old, begs urgently for resolution. In this paper we show that the issue is linked to the way that the adjoint representation is defined mathematically for a Lie algebra, and how it manifests itself as a physical representation. This forces us to distinguish between the global and the local charges and between the microscopic and the macroscopic models. As a bonus, a consistent understanding of the hitherto mysterious medium–strong interaction is achieved. We also gain a new perspective on how confinement arises in quantum chromodynamics.

The properties of a dynamic wormhole are investigated. Using a particular equation of state for the fluid on the wormhole throat, we reached an equation of motion for the throat (a hyperbola) that leads to a negative surface energy density σ. The throat expands with the same acceleration 2π|σ| as the Ipser–Sikivie domain wall. We found the Lagrangian leading to the above equation of motion of the throat. The associated Hamiltonian corresponds to a relativistic free particle of a time-dependent negative energy -ℏc/R, where R is the throat radius, similar in form with the Casimir energy inside an expanding spherical box.

The thermodynamic geometry of black holes with conformal anomaly has been investigated in this paper. We study two classical kinds of thermodynamic geometry. Namely, Weinhold geometry and Ruppeiner geometry. It is shown that the condition when Weinhold scalar curvature diverges is the same as the phase transition condition characterized by the divergence of specific heat. It is also shown that Ruppeiner scalar curvature not only reveals the phase structure but also contains the information of Hawking temperature. In a word, both Weinhold metric and Ruppeiner metric can correctly reproduce the phase structure of black holes even when conformal anomaly is taken into consideration.

We propose a five-dimensional model based on the idea of Gauge-Higgs Unification (GHU) with the gauge group SO(5) × U(1) in Randall–Sundrum (RS) spacetime. We obtain a left–right (LR) symmetric model with a stable scalar identified as a dark matter candidate. This stable scalar obtains a vacuum expectation value (VEV) that gives mass to fermions in the bulk through the Hosotani Mechanism. There is a scalar localized on a brane and gives contributions to fermion masses. This scalar fits the observed Higgs boson data. We are able to fit all the Standard Model (SM) observables while evading constraints.

For vertex algebras with extended superconformal symmetry, in a canonical way, we construct superconformal vertex operators, i.e. fields on the superspace together with a state-field correspondence. This leads to the notion of superconformal vertex algebras (in four dimensions).

We propose a method of Casimir pressure renormalization for massive scalar field in a ball. This method is slightly different from the generally accepted methods. An alternative way of choosing the normalization point leads to an exponential pressure dependence on the mass of the field instead of an inverse polynomial dependence. The proposed method does not use the scalar quantized field in the exterior domain. This allows us to bypass the difficulties that appear when one uses the standard approach.

The issues of quintessence and cosmic acceleration can be discussed in the framework of theories of gravity where R is the Ricci curvature scalar and is the Gauss–Bonnet topological invariant. It is possible to show that such an approach exhausts all the curvature content related to the Riemann tensor giving rise to a fully geometric approach to dark energy.