Modern Physics Letters A

We first review direct CP violation in the three-body baryonic $B$ decays of $B^{\pm }\to p\bar{p}{M}_i^{\pm }(i=P,V)$ with $M_P=\pi ,K$ and $M_V=\rho ,K^{\ast }$. We then present our recent results of the direct CP violating asymmetries in the two-body ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b$ decays of ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to p{M}_i$ as well as the three-body ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to J/\mathrm{\Psi }p{M}_P$. In particular, we emphasize that the large direct CP violating asymmetries in $B^{\pm }\to p\bar{p}{K}^{\ast \pm }$ and ${\mathrm{\Lambda }}_b\to (p{K}^{\ast -},\bar{p}{K}^{\ast +})$ are both around 20%, which are accessible to the b-hadron experiments.

In various gravity theories, Friedmann equations can be cast to a form of the first law of thermodynamics in a Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) cosmological setup. However, this result failed in recent infrared (IR) modified Hořava–Lifshitz (HL) gravity. The difficulty stems from the fact that HL gravity is Lorentz-violating. Motivated by this problem, we use the Misner–Sharp mass to investigate the thermodynamics near the apparent horizon in HL cosmology. We find that the Friedmann equations can be derived from the first law of thermodynamics. The Misner–Sharp mass used here inherits the specific properties of HL gravity since it is directly from the gravitational action of HL theory. We also prove that the first law of thermodynamics with logarithmic entropy still holds at the apparent horizon in FRW. The results suggest that the general prescription of deriving the field equation from thermodynamics still works in the HL cosmology.

We study the motion of relativistic fermions in a time-dependent electromagnetic field within the framework of Dirac equation. We consider the time-dependent scalar potential of the exponential form and the vector potential of linear form. We obtain the eigenfunctions and eigenvalues.

More recently, comprehensive applications of approximate analytical solutions of the Woods–Saxon (WS) potential in closed form for the five-dimensional Bohr Hamiltonian have appeared [M. Çapak, D. Petrellis, B. Gönül and D. Bonatsos, J. Phys. G 42, 95102 (2015)] and its comparison to the data for many different nuclei has clearly revealed the domains for the success and failure in case of using such potential forms to analyze the data related to the nuclear structure within the frame of the collective model. Gaining confidence from this work, the exact solvability of the WS type potentials in lower dimensions for the bound states having zero angular momentum is carefully reviewed to finalize an ongoing discussion in the related literature which clearly shows that such kind of potentials have no analytical solutions even for $\ell =0$ case.

Spin precession of particles having both anomalous magnetic and electric dipole moments (EDMs) is considered. We give the generalized expression of spin precession of these particles injected with transversal extent in magnetic storage rings. This is the generalization of the Farley’s pitch correction [F. J. N. Farley, Phys. Lett. B 42, 66 (1972)], including radial oscillation as well as vertical one. The transversal betatron oscillation formulae of these particles are also reproduced.

The full and differential widths of the decay $\tau \to K^0{K}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$ are calculated in the framework of the extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model.The contributions of the subprocesses with the intermediate vector mesons $\rho$(770) and $\rho$(1450) are taken into account. The obtained results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.

One of the disadvantages of the Hamiltonian formulation is that Lorentz invariance is not manifest in the former. Given a Hamiltonian, there is no simple way to check whether it is relativistic or not. One would either have to solve for the equations of motion or calculate the Poisson brackets of the Noether charges to perform such a check. In this paper we show that, for a class of Hamiltonians, it is possible to check Lorentz invariance directly from the Hamiltonian. Our work is particularly useful for theories where the other methods may not be readily available.