Modern Physics Letters A

High-energy and high-beam power accelerators are extensively used for the neutrino physics research. At present, the leading operational facilities are the J-PARC facility in Japan, which recently approached 0.5 MW of the 30 GeV proton beam power, and the Fermilab Main Injector complex that delivers over 0.75 MW of 120 GeV protons on the neutrino target. Besides such type of neutrino superbeams, the concept of neutrino factories offers great promise for particle physics research. In this brief review we present the status and planned upgrades of the J-PARC and Fermilab accelerators and leading proposals for the next generation accelerator-based facilities of both types, their challenges and required and ongoing accelerator R&D programs aimed to address corresponding performance and cost risks.

It was shown that the tension between the mass-squared differences obtained from solar neutrinos and those acquired through KamLAND experiments may be solved by the introduction of a non-standard flavor-dependent interaction (NSI) in neutrino propagation. In this study, we discuss the possibility of testing such a hypothesis using the future long-baseline neutrino experiments T2HKK and DUNE. Assuming that the NSI does not exist, we provide the excluded region within the (${𝜖}_D$, ${𝜖}_N$) plane, where ${𝜖}_D$ and ${𝜖}_N$ are the parameters appearing in the solar neutrino analysis conducted with the NSI. We find that the best fit value from the solar neutrino and KamLAND data (global analysis of a particular coupling to quarks) can be tested at more than $10\sigma (3\sigma )$ by these two experiments for most of the parameter space.

We explore the impact of a sudden shift in the mass of a scalar boson field on long-range forces mediated by this field under the framework of unitarily inequivalent vacua. Since the search for new long-range forces is an active experimental area probing physics beyond the Standard Model, the consequence of a non-trivial vacuum state of a scalar boson on these experiments is elucidated. We show that while the mass shift affects the one-boson exchange potential, the Casimir force remains only dependent on the vacuum state.

In this paper, we investigate the super-bilinear formalism and interaction of supersoliton solutions for the supersymmetric AKNS system [H. Aratyn and A. Das, Mod. Phys. Lett. A 13, 1185 (1998)]. It is shown that the super-bilinear form involves an auxiliary fermionic tau function and the supersolitons have less freedom than expected (concerning the dependence on fermionic parameters). Also, the interaction between super-solitons is much more complicated than in the case of real supersymmetric equations (KdV, mKdV, Sawada–Kotera, Sine–Gordon, etc.), involving four types of dressing of the fermionic parameters. These solutions are general compared to the ones found in Ref. 1 which contain no fermionic parameter.

A compact star model formed by quintessence and ordinary matter is presented, both sources have anisotropic pressures and are described by linear state equations, also the state equation of the tangential pressure for the ordinary matter incorporates the effect of the quintessence. It is shown that depending on the compactness of the star $u=GM/c^{2}R$ the constant of proportionality $\mu$ between the density of the ordinary matter and the radial pressure, $P_r=\mu c^2(\rho -{\rho }_b)$, has an interval of values which is consistent with the possibility that the matter is formed by a mixture of particles like quarks, neutrons and electrons and not only by one type of them. The geometry is described by the Durgapal metric for $n=5$ and each one of the pressures and densities is positive, finite and monotonic decreasing, as well as satisfying the condition of causality and of stability $v_t^2-v_r^2<0$, which makes our model physically acceptable. The maximum compactness that we have is $u\le 0.28551$, so we can apply our solution considering the observational data of mass and radii $M=(2.01\pm 0.04)M_{\odot }$, $R\in [12.062,12.957]$ km which generate a compactness $0.22448\le u\le 0.25448$ associated to the star PSR J0348+0432. In this case, the interval of $\mu \in [0.78055,1]$ and its maximum central density ${\rho }_c$ and in the surface ${\rho }_b$ of the star are ${\rho }_c=7.0387\times 10^{17}\mathrm{\text{kg}}/{\mathrm{\text{m}}}^3$ and ${\rho }_b=4.6807\times 10^{17}\mathrm{\text{kg}}/{\mathrm{\text{m}}}^3$, respectively, meanwhile the central density of the quintessence ${\rho }_{qc}=3.4792\times 10^{16}\mathrm{\text{kg}}/{\mathrm{\text{m}}}^3$.

Starting from the construction of a solution for Einstein’s equations with a perfect fluid for a static spherically symmetric spacetime, we present a model for stars with a compactness rate of $u\le 0.114508$. The model is physically acceptable, that is to say, its geometry is non-singular and does not have an event horizon, pressure and speed of sound are bounded functions, positive and monotonically decreasing as function of the radial coordinate, also the speed of sound is lower than the speed of light. While it is shown that the adiabatic index $\gamma >14.615$, which guarantees the stability of the solution. In a complementary manner, numerical data are presented considering the star PSR J0737-3039A with observational mass of $1.3381M_{\odot }$, for the value of compactness $0.105395$, which implies the radius $R=18745.32\mathrm{\text{m}}$ and the range of the density ${\rho }_b=0.931561\times 10^{17}{\mathrm{\text{kg/m}}}^3$ $\le \rho \le 1.012207\times 10^{17}{\mathrm{\text{kg/m}}}^3={\rho }_c$, where ${\rho }_c$ and ${\rho }_b$ are the central density and the surface density, respectively. This range is consistent with the expected values; as such, the model presented allows to describe this type of stars.

We investigate the cosmic censorship hypothesis for the Reissner–Nordström anti-de-Sitter black holes with global monopole charge. Considering the motion of the particle, we find that the overcharging is possible only for the anti-de-Sitter black hole showing violation of the cosmic censorship hypothesis. However, for the de-Sitter black hole, overcharging is not possible and hence there is no violation of the cosmic censorship hypothesis.

The Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) interaction contributes to some unusual and interesting magnetic properties in real materials, thus playing an important role in the degree of quantum entanglement in Heisenberg quantum spin models. In [C. S. Castro, O. S. Duarte, D. P. Pires, D. O. Soares-Pinto and M. S. Reis, Phys. Lett. A 380, 1571 (2016)], it has been investigated about the non-locality and the thermal entanglement in a dipolar spin thermal system without DM interaction. In this work, we study the entanglement in the thermal state of inhomogeneous Heisenberg coupling under the presence of the DM interaction along the $z$-axis. More precisely, we analyze the effect of the DM interaction on non-locality phenomena and quantum entanglement as measured by negativity and Von Neumann entropy. We show that by comparing with [C. S. Castro, O. S. Duarte, D. P. Pires, D. O. Soares-Pinto and M. S. Reis, Phys. Lett. A 380, 1571 (2016)], the local quantum states become more pronounced, when the DM interaction is taken into account. This fact is well confirmed by noting that Von Neumann entropy is destroyed in the presence of the DM interaction. It can be deduced that the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya (DM) interaction makes the thermal states less correlated.

Quantum image processing has become a significant aspect within the field of quantum information processing because the image is an essential carrier of information, and quantum computation has powerful image processing ability. Image scrambling algorithms are often required as initial image operations in quantum image processing applications such as quantum image encryption and watermarking. However, the efficiency of existing quantum image scrambling algorithms needs to be improved urgently, especially in terms of periodicity. Therefore, a novel quantum image scrambling algorithm based on discrete Baker map is proposed in this paper, which can be implemented by swapping qubits with low circuit complexity. The quantum version of discrete Baker map is deduced and the corresponding quantum circuit is designed. The simulation results show that the scrambling algorithm has the characteristic of long period, which can further enhance the security of quantum image encryption algorithms. Besides, for generalized discrete Baker maps, the conditions that they can be implemented by swapping qubits are given. Moreover, the number of discrete Baker maps satisfying the conditions is also calculated.