Modern Physics Letters A

The lepton charge asymmetry in $W^{\pm }$ production in the nuclear collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{\text{NN}}}}=5.02$TeV is investigated with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE. Recently published ALICE and the ATLAS data of lepton charge asymmetry are well reproduced. An interesting linear scaling behavior is observed in the lepton charge asymmetry as a function of the collision system valence quark number asymmetry among different sizes of nuclear collision systems at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{\text{NN}}}}=5.02$TeV. This linear scaling behavior may serve as an additional constraint on the PDF (nPDF) extractions.

Based on the relativistic quark model and the infinitesimally shifted Gaussian basis function method, we investigate the mass spectra of double-bottom baryons systematically. In the $\rho$-mode which appears lower in energy than the other excited modes, we obtain the allowed quantum states and perform a systematic study of the mass spectra of the ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{bb}$ and ${\mathrm{\Omega }}_{bb}$ families. We analyze the root mean square radii and quark radial probability density distributions to deeply understand the structure of the heavy baryons. Meanwhile, the mass spectra allow us to successfully construct the Regge trajectories in the $(J,M^2)$ plane. We also predict the masses of the ground states of double-bottom baryons and discuss the differences between the structures of our spectra and those from other theoretical methods. At last, the shell structure of the double-bottom baryon spectra is shown from which one could get a bird’s-eye view of the mass spectra. In this paper, we also make a hypothesis that the heavy baryon excitation may be dominated by the excitation of heavy quarks in the heavy quark limit. It could help to deepen the understanding of heavy baryons structure.

Electron spin qubits in silicon quantum dots are an attractive candidate for large-scalable quantum computation. An essential step for quantum information processing based on spin qubits is to realize the spatially separated two-qubit gate and entanglement with high fidelity. Here, we consider two spin qubits coupled to a common superconducting resonator in circuit quantum electrodynamics. We investigate the long-range two-qubit iSWAP gate mediated by virtual microwave photons using a Gaussian smoothing pulse. We show that the entangling gate fidelity can reach $91.0\%$ under realistic experimental conditions and analyze the factors limiting gate fidelity. Moreover, we numerically demonstrate the generation of remote Bell entangled states of spin qubits with high fidelity. In addition, this spin–resonator architecture can be used to implement quantum algorithms using our scheme. These results pave the way for quantum information processing with spin qubits.

In this paper, we explore the black hole solutions with the rainbow deformed metric in the presence of the exponential form of the nonlinear electrodynamics with asymptotic Reissner–Nordström properties. We calculate the exact solution of metric function and explore the geometrical properties in the background of massive gravity. From the obtained solution, the existence of the singularity is confirmed in proper limits. Using the solutions, we also investigate the thermodynamic properties of the solutions by checking the validity of the first law of thermodynamics. Continuing the thermodynamic study, we investigate the conditions under which the system is thermally stable from the heat capacity and the Gibbs free energy. We also discuss the possible phase transition and the criticality of the system. It was found that the quantum gravitational effects of gravity’s rainbow render the thermodynamic system stable in the vicinity of the singularity. Hence, we obtained a first-order phase transition which is interpreted as the large/small black hole phase transition. From the equation of state, it was found that after diverging at the singularity, the system evolves asymptotically into pressure-less dust as one moves away from the central singularity. We also calculated the quantum work using the change of the Helmholtz free energy.

We present a complete algebraic classification of the Lie symmetries for generalized Zoomeron equations. For the generalized $1+1$ and $2+1$ Zoomeron equations we solve the Lie symmetry conditions in order to constrain the free functions of the equations. We find that the differential equations of our consideration admit the same number of Lie symmetries with the non-generalized equations. The admitted Lie symmetries form the Lie algebras $2A_1$, $A_{3,3}$ for the $1+1$ generalized Zoomeron equation, and the $A_{4,5}^{ab}$, $3A_1{\otimes }_{s}2A_1$ in the case of the $2+1$ generalized Zoomeron equation. The one-dimensional optimal system is constructed for the two equations and similarity solutions are derived. The similarity transformation led to the derivation of kink solutions. Indeed, the similarity exact solutions determined in this work are asymptotic solutions near the singular behavior of the kink behavior.

This study examines the impact of random telegraph noise on non-separability, non-classicality, and steered coherence in a bipartite system initially prepared in a Gisin state and embedded in both Markovian and non-Markovian environments. To quantify non-separability, we employ the Bures distance entanglement measure (${ℬ}$); for non-classicality detection, we utilize the quantum interferometric power (${ℐ}{𝒫}$); and to measure steered coherence, we employ the normalized steered coherence (${{𝒞}}_s$). We analyze the dynamics of these three metrics under the effects of the random telegraph noise through various theoretical and numerical techniques. Our findings demonstrate that the amount of quantum correlations in the system is closely tied to the parameters defining the random telegraph noise and the initial system state. Our results also reveal that all three measures exhibit oscillatory behavior in the non-Markovian regime and monotonic changes with time in the Markovian regime. These results provide a deeper understanding of the robustness and stability of non-separability and coherence under noisy conditions and may have implications for the design of noise-resistant quantum systems.

In this work, we present an exact interior solution to a physically acceptable Einstein–Maxwell equation system, assuming a static and spherically symmetric spacetime with a distribution of matter from a perfect charged fluid to represent a generalization of a model for a perfect chargeless fluid. The charge parameter modifies the mass function, its compactness rate and the comportment of the speed of sound. The behavior analysis of the functions of density, pressure and charge shows that the solution is applicable for the description of relativistic compact stars. In particular, we analyze the behavior of these functions for the values of observed mass $M\in [0.95,1.13]M_{\odot }$ and the theoretical radius interval estimated previously $R\in [8.101,8.501]$km from the star LMC X-4. Thus, the biggest charge value of maximum charge $Q=1.73\times 10^{20}$C occurs for the maximum compactness $u=0.2059$.

We introduce the notion of reflective ability and discuss its energy dependence using rational form of unitarization. Correspondence with the phase of exponential unitarization is traced. Increase of the reflective ability of interaction region starts at the LHC energies. Numerical estimates are given.