Modern Physics Letters B

One-step molten salt synthesis process was introduced to fabricate nano to micrometer sized ${\mathrm{\text{SrTiO}}}_3$ powders in which effects of synthesis temperature, oxide-to-flux ratios and raw materials on the generation of ${\mathrm{\text{SrTiO}}}_3$ powders were examined. 100 nm or above sized pure ${\mathrm{\text{SrTiO}}}_3$ particles were obtained at relatively lower temperature of 900${}^{\circ }$C. Micro-sized rhombohedral crystals with a maximum size of approximately 12 $\mu$m were obtained from ${\mathrm{\text{SrCO}}}_3$ or $\mathrm{\text{Sr}}{({\mathrm{\text{NO}}}_3)}_2$ strontium source with 1:1 O/S ratio.

Controlled crystal size and morphology of Nb-doped ${\mathrm{\text{SrTiO}}}_3$ particles are prepared by using this method to confirm the performance of thermoelectric properties. The Seebeck coefficient obtained is significantly high when compared with the reported data, and the high ratio of nano particles in the sample has a positive effect on the increase of Seebeck coefficient too, which is likely due to the energy filtering effect at large numbers of grain boundaries resulting from largely distributed structure.

Identifying influential nodes is a basic measure of characterizing the structure and dynamics in complex networks. In this paper, we use network global efficiency by removing edges to propose a new centrality measure for identifying influential nodes in complex networks. Differing from the traditional network global efficiency, the proposed measure is determined by removing edges from networks, not removing nodes. Instead of static structure properties which are exhibited by other traditional centrality measures, such as degree centrality (DC), betweenness centrality (BC) and closeness centrality (CC), we focus on the perspective of dynamical process and global structure in complex networks. Susceptible-infected (SI) model is utilized to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed measure is more effective than the other three centrality measures.

This work investigates the growth of AlInN films on Si (100) substrates through the annealing of Al and InN stacking layers in the temperature range 200${}^{\circ }$C to 800${}^{\circ }$C. The Al/InN layers were prepared on Si (100) substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique at 100${}^{\circ }$C. The layers were annealed in a quartz tube furnace at 200${}^{\circ }$C, 400${}^{\circ }$C, 600${}^{\circ }$C and 800${}^{\circ }$C for six hours. Structural features of the films were examined through XRD whereas the surface morphology and composition of the films were studied through FESEM and EDS, respectively. The FESEM and EDS cross-sectional analyses of the films were also conducted to observe the mixing of Al/InN stacking layers. XRD patterns revealed the formation of polycrystalline AlInN films whereas the FESEM and EDS cross-sectional results indicated that the mixing of Al/InN stacked layers became more prominent with increase of the annealing temperature. Surface roughness of the films studied through AFM also exhibited an increasing trend with increase of the annealing temperature.

We discuss the possible violation of local Lorentz invariance (LLI) arising from a faster-than-light neutrino speed. A toy calculation of the LLI violation parameter $\delta$, based on the (disclaimed) OPERA data, suggests that the values of $\delta$ are determined by the interaction involved, and not by the energy range. This hypothesis is further corroborated by the analysis of the more recent results of the BOREXINO, LVD and ICARUS experiments.

The free particle Schrödinger equation admits a nontrivial self-accelerating Airy wave packet solution. Recently, the Airy beams that freely accelerate in space was experimentally realized in photonics community. Here, we present self-accelerating waves for the Bose–Einstein condensate in a time-dependent harmonic oscillator potential. We show that parity and time reversal symmetries for self-accelerating waves are spontaneously broken.

A short channel organic field effect transistors (OFET) based on Pentacene, having channel length in the range of sub-micrometer, has been numerically modelled for low values of drain voltage. The output characteristics show a nonlinear concave increase of drain current for all values of gate voltages. This anomalous current-voltage behavior, which resembles sub-threshold characteristics of silicon FETs, shows a good match with earlier experimental reports on OFET at low drain voltages. The sub-threshold-like characteristics has been interpreted in light of thermionic-emission model because of the presence of hole injection barrier at drain (gold)/Pentacene interface. The associated analysis has facilitated to obtain a significant parameter, effective channel thickness $(t_{\mathrm{\text{eff}}})$, for the first time in case of OFETs. It came out to be roughly 4 nm and 8 nm for experimental devices of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) and Pentacene, respectively, while the numerically modelled device yielded a value of about 60 nm. Increase of $t_{\mathrm{\text{eff}}}$ with transverse gate electric field is also observed. Physical explanation of the observations is also presented.

A quantum proxy group signature (QPGS) scheme based on controlled teleportation is presented, by using the entangled five-qubit quantum state functions as quantum channel. The scheme uses the physical characteristics of quantum mechanics to implement delegation, signature and verification. The security of the scheme is guaranteed by the entanglement correlations of the entangled five-qubit state, the secret keys based on the quantum key distribution (QKD) and the one-time pad algorithm, all of which have been proven to be unconditionally secure and the signature anonymity.

In this paper, a new lattice model is proposed with the consideration of the driver’s anticipation effect with passing for two-lane traffic system. The linear stability condition and the mKdV equation which are correlative to the driver’s anticipation effect with passing are derived from linear stability analysis and nonlinear analysis, respectively. Numerical simulation shows that the driver’s anticipation effects with passing can efficiently enhance the stability of traffic flow under lane changing on two-lane highway.