Modern Physics Letters B

We review on a recently proposed quantum exception to the second law of thermodynamics (SLT). We emphasize that ⁴He superflows, like any other forms of flows, shall carry entropy or heat in a thermal environment. Following that, one can use a heterogeneous ⁴He superflow loop to realize entropy-decreasing processes. We also mention that the heat content of a superflow has an unusual dependence on flow velocity, which is an important factor contributing to the entropy-decreasing processes.

In this paper, a novel macro model is derived from car-following model by applying the relationship between the micro and macro variables by incorporating the timid and aggressive effects of optimal velocity on a single lane. Numerical simulation shows that the timid and aggressive macro model of traffic flow can correctly reproduce common evolution of shock, rarefaction waves and local cluster effects under small perturbation. Also, the results uncover that the aggressive effect can smoothen the front of the shock wave and the timid effect results in local press peak, which means that the timid effect hastens the process of congregation in the shock wave. The more timid traffic behaviors are, the smaller is the stable range. Furthermore, the research shows that the advantage of the aggressive effect over the timid one lies in the fact that the aggressive traffic behaviors can improve the stability of traffic flow with the consideration of incorporating timid and aggressive driving behaviors at the same time.

We report a multiband absorber with dielectric–dielectric–metal structure in the infrared regime. The simulation results show that that near-perfect absorption is originated from the guide mode resonance and surface plasmonic polaritons (SPPs) excitation. Furthermore, the absorption peaks of this multiband absorber can be tuned by changing the incidence angle or scaling the microstructure dimensions. The results of this study have possible future potential applications in thermal emitter and sensor.

We investigate numerically the optical properties through gold split-ring resonator (SRR) with inner cross dimer array by using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. The dependence of the geometrical parameters on the optical properties of SRR with inner cross dimer array is studied. The study covers the change of transmission spectra with the metallic cross arm length, width of air slits, width of SRRs and environmental dielectric constants. The spatial distributions of the electric and magnetic fields are also discussed to further understand more basic physical mechanisms behind some dip and peak.

In this paper, the influence of different dimensionless distance on heat transfer characteristics in a rectangular enclosure is studied using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). It is shown that the relation between the Rayleigh number (Ra) and the Nusselt number (Nu) using LBM is in promising agreement with that of the previous experimental data by Corvaro and Paroncini [Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (2007) 25]. It is found that the characteristic of heat transport is closely related to the dimensionless distance of heat source. Special attention is paid to investigate the relation between Ra and Nu. Some relations between Ra and Nu for different dimensionless distance are approximately established in natural convection. It is further found that the heat transport is enhanced with the increase of dimensionless distance.

The structural, electronic and optical properties of the ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{ZB}}}$, ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{W}}}$ and ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{RS}}}$ are studied by the spin-polarized first-principles calculation. The ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{ZB}}}$ and ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{RS}}}$ are metals in tetragonal structures, while the ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{W}}}$ in trigonal structure is half-metal with 100% spin polarization. The ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{RS}}}$ has the biggest static dielectric constant ${𝜀}_1(0)$ and static refractive index $n(0)$, which may be ascribed to the highest crystal symmetry. The maximum absorption peaks of the ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{ZB}}}$, ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{W}}}$ and ${\mathrm{\text{Zn}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{V}}}_{0.5}{\mathrm{\text{S}}}_{\mathrm{\text{RS}}}$ are located about 44 eV in the ultraviolet region, indicating these materials have good prospect for optoelectronic materials in the ultraviolet range.

The Darboux transformation with n double spectral parameters for the Myrzakulov-I equation is obtained by taking suitable limit of the spectral parameters. Global explicit solutions are obtained by using this Darboux transformation with n double spectral parameters.

The helicity of stable double helical bromine chains inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was studied through the calculation of systematic interaction energy, using the van der Waals interaction potential. The results presented clear images of stable double helical structures inside SWCNTs. The optimal helical radius and helical angle of chain structure increase and decrease, respectively, with the increase of tube radius. The detailed analysis indicated that some metastable structures in SWCNTs may also co-exist with the optimal structures, but not within the same tubes. In addition, a detailed simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns was performed for the obtained optimal helical structures.

A wet solid-state method was used in this work to produce ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$–${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{\text{Mg}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{Sn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ materials. By using core-shell structure nanocubic ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{1-x}{\mathrm{\text{Mg}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{Sn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ (BMST) decorated ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$ (BBT) assemblies, a composite capacitor with improved dielectric constant and enhanced breakdown strength was successfully fabricated in contrast with the composite ferroelectric ${\mathrm{\text{Ba}}}_{0.97}{\mathrm{\text{Bi}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{TiO}}}_3$–${\mathrm{\text{BaSn}}}_{0.02}{\mathrm{\text{Ti}}}_{0.98}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_3$ (BBT–BST) ceramic. With increasing Mg content, the ceramic capacitors display a stronger performance in its dielectric behavior. The best dielectric properties were obtained in the composition $x$ = 0.007 with the dielectric constant above 65,000. The dielectric strength of the ceramics was measured by a withstanding voltage tester. The best dielectric strength was achieved in the composition $x$ = 0.007 with $E$ = 5.455 kV/mm.

Graphene, due to its numerous unique properties, is addressed as miraculous material by Novoselov et al. [Nature 490 (2012) 192]. It has ultrahigh heat and thermal conductivity. Several researchers over the globe are working on electrical properties of graphene like electrical resistance, electrical conductivity etc. In this paper, we estimate electrical resistivity, electrical conductivity and Lorenz number for graphene within the temperature range from 300 K to 500 K. Variation of these parameters with respect to temperature and sample size is also reported.