Modern Physics Letters B

Link prediction can estimate the probablity of the existence of an unknown or future edges between two arbitrary disconnected nodes (two seed nodes) in complex networks on the basis of information regarding network nodes, edges and topology. With the important practical value in many fields such as social networks, electronic commerce, data mining and biological networks, link prediction is attracting considerable attention from scientists in various fields. In this paper, we find that degree distribution and strength of two- and three-step local paths between two seed nodes can reveal effective similarity information between the two nodes. An index called local major path degree (LMPD) is proposed to estimate the probability of generating a link between two seed nodes. To indicate the efficiency of this algorithm, we compare it with nine well-known similarity indices based on local information in 12 real networks. Results show that the LMPD algorithm can achieve high prediction performance.

The influence of distributed cylinder roughness elements on boundary layer transition for NACA0012 airfoil at Ma = 0.6 has been investigated by subsonic/transonic/supersonic wind tunnel experiment with oil-film interferometry. Three different heights and two different distances of cylinder roughness elements on the airfoil model were used, and the skin friction coefficient was measured by the oil-film interferometry. The experimental results show that higher roughness elements promote the transition earlier. In addition, narrower distance of roughness elements can delay the transition compared with the case of wider distance.

A multiparty to multiparty quantum secret sharing (QSS) scheme is proposed. In our scheme, the participants can transmit their shared secret to other participants. The old participants and the new participants all can keep their shares secret. The main operations in our scheme are the quantum-logic-gate transformations and the single-particle measurements, which can be realized easily within the present technology.

In this paper, ZnO nanofilms are prepared on quartz substrate by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) technology. The effects of substrate temperature and deposition time on the micro-structural, morphological and optical properties of ZnO thin films are investigated in detail. Measurements indicate that the growth process of the film is as follows: Micro grains accumulation $\to$ grains’ expansion $\to$ grow into certain nanostructures under different temperature. Nanostructures of the film are as follows: Irregular broken hexagonal-like structure ($<450^{\circ }$C); coexisting of broken hexagonal- and sheet-like structure (450–500${}^{\circ }$C); regular closed packed sheets-like structure ($>500^{\circ }$C). In addition, all results show that RMS roughness of the films is less than 20 nm. Moreover, the visible transmittance of these samples is higher than 90%. Which display that ZnO films with low roughness and excellent optical properties can be also fabricated by low-cost USP method.

We theoretically studied the sonic horizon formation problem for coupled one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate trapped in an external elongated harmonic potential. Based on the coupled (1+1)-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation and F-expansion method under Thomas–Fermi formulation, we derived analytical wave functions of a two-component system, from which the sonic horizon’s occurrence criteria and location were derived and graphically demonstrated. The theoretically derived results of sonic horizon formation agree pretty well with that from the numerically calculated values.

In this paper, the two- and three-soliton propagation of Sharma–Tasso–Olver (STO) equation for inhomogeneous media (with a variable-coefficient) are obtained. It is shown, due to the inelastic collisions, they undergo space-fission (or fusions). These soliton waves show a fusion that their nonlinear interactions are not completely elastic (or inelastic). To study some of the propagation features of pulses and their collision dynamics, the numerical simulations of the solutions are used. It is found that fusion along quasi-periodic waves is exhibited. The graded or step index waveguide under nonlinear refractive components are shown to reduce to improve soliton intensity. Further, the properties for these solutions are shown with figures. It may be found that research on new structure of soliton control has been obtained to understand real physical problems. These results have been usefully applied for long-wave and high-power transmission in telecommunication system. Moreover, stability analysis for the governing equation is investigated via the aspect of linear stability.

The entire process of deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) in narrow channels with thin obstacle configurations is studied through high-resolution simulations. The results show that the confinement and disturbance of obstacles promote considerably the flame acceleration and DDT. There exist two modes of DDT associating with obstacle spacing S. For small spacing S, the flame acceleration depends on strong confinement and jet flow between obstacles; eventually DDT occurs due to early burning amplified by shocks in front of the flame. However, for large spacing S, the flame acceleration is mainly attributed to turbulence; DDT results from the interaction of reflection shock with turbulent flame. It is found that the run-up distance of DDT in the obstructed channels shortens significantly, as compared with that in the smooth channel.

Currently, very long baseline interferometry technology is widely used in the astronomical measurement areas, providing about 1 $\mu$as pulsar positioning accuracy. However, these conventional methods cannot meet the higher position accuracy requirements of X-ray pulsar navigation. In this paper, we provide a novel method to measure the angular position based on X-ray intensity correlation. First, we show the relationship between the pulsar angular position and the X-ray intensity correlation. Second, we simulate the measurement error within the constraint on the photon energy fluctuations and compensation time. Finally, we propose a way to achieve such measurement. These theoretical analyses will improve the measurement accuracy of the pulsar angular position to a large extent.

The unsteady vortex-induced forces on a multi-column platform in current from subcritical up to supercritical Reynolds numbers have been investigated using three-dimensional numerical simulations. Two different current incidences, 0${}^{\circ }$ and 45${}^{\circ }$, are considered. The results show that for 0${}^{\circ }$ current incidence, the mean streamwise force coefficients $({\overline{C}}_x)$ increase with the rise of $Re$ when $Re<2.2\times 10^5$, while they grow slightly when $Re\ge 2.2\times 10^5$. For 45${}^{\circ }$ current incidence, a decrease of streamwise force with increasing $Re$ is observed. Similar to a single cylinder, the fluctuating transverse force coefficients $(C_y^{\prime })$ of the multi-column platform drop at $Re=1\times 10^5$ for 0${}^{\circ }$ and 45${}^{\circ }$ current incidences. In addition, it is found that for 0${}^{\circ }$ current incidence, the $C_y^{\prime }$ values of the downstream columns are much larger than those of the upstream columns, while for 45${}^{\circ }$ current incidence, the $C_y^{\prime }$ values of each column are similar. Furthermore, the results of correlations between the forces on each column and total forces indicates that for 0${}^{\circ }$ current incidence, the fluctuating transverse forces on the downstream columns are mainly responsible for the total fluctuating transverse force on the multi-column platform.

In this paper, we present two epidemic models with a nonlinear incidence and transfer from infectious to recovery. For epidemic models, the basic reproductive number is calculated. A dynamic system based on threshold, using LaSalle’s invariance principle and Lyapunov function, is structured completely by the basic reproductive number. By studying the SIR and SIRS models under the nonlinear condition, the general validity of the method is verified.

A generalized (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation is investigated, which can be used to describe nonlinear wave propagation in fluids. Through choosing appropriate polynomial functions in bilinear form derived according Hirota bilinear transformation, one and two rogue wave solutions, and soliton and rogue wave mixed solution are constructed. Furthermore, based on the mixed solution, interaction and evolution behavior between the soliton and rogue wave is discussed. The result shows that the soliton will be gradually swallowing up the rogue wave with the increase of time. During the process, the energy carried by the rogue wave is absorbed by the soliton.

In this paper, the traveling wave method is employed to investigate the one-soliton solutions to two different types of bright solutions for the generalized (3+1)-dimensional nonlinear-wave equation, primarily. In the following parts, we derive the breathers and rational solutions by using the Hirota bilinear method and long-wave limit. More specifically, we discuss the lump solution and rogue wave solution, in which their trajectory will be changed by varying the corresponding coefficient or coordinate axis. On the one hand, the breathers express the form of periodic line waves in different planes, on the other hand, rogue waves are localized in time.

Conductive and transparent thin film structures are useful in flexible electronics. In this paper, we report multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) patterning into gradient regular patterns with large area of about several square centimeters on silicon or wafer glass slide via thermally enhanced evaporative self-assembly under wedge-shaped geometric confinement. The morphologies, electrical and optical properties of the MWCNTs thin film were characterized. The findings reveal that the conductance would increase with depositing times, meanwhile the transparency would decrease. The resistance of the grid patterning films of MWCNTs has a nearly linear relation to the transmittance in a relatively large range. The MWCNTs can be easily transferred to flexible substrate such as PET films or an adhesive tape. In comparison, SWCNTs could hardly be deposited into stripes or grid patterns, but the continuous thick films and discontinuous thin films could demonstrate better electrical and mechanical performance.

Electrothermal microactuators have a very promising future in MEMS applications since they can generate large displacement and force with low actuating voltages and small device areas. In this paper, a temperature distribution and unload displacement model of a V-shaped electrothermal microactuator are presented. In order to prove the accuracy of the model, finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental results are provided for comparison. The results of temperature profile and unload displacement output, which are from the model calculation, FEA and experimental test, agree well with each other. It gives an indirect proof that the model is correct and FEA calculation is practicable. It can be shown that the shape of the actuator has no effect on the maximum temperature, and the unload displacement and output force depend on the beam length and inclined angle of the actuator.