Modern Physics Letters B

In this paper, we study Biswas–Arshed (BA) model in birefringent fibers for chirp-free solitons (dromions) with the aid of sub-ordinary differential equations (ODE) method. The BA model studies the soliton transmission in optical fiber. We obtain bright, periodic, and Weierstrass elliptic function solutions with constraint conditions.

The characteristic parameter $V_e$ related to bandgap $E_g$ is proposed ($V_e$ is the equivalent volume of the outermost electron cloud of molecule). $V_e$ values of dozens of solid media are calculated. The results show that $E_g$ decreases as $V_e$ increases. Furthermore, change behavior of $E_g$ with composition is studied by using $V_e$, and the composition characteristics of high-$E_g$ solid media are summarized. According to this result, $E_g$ can be regulated to a certain extent by adjusting the composition. Importantly, connection among refractive index $n$, $V_e$ and $E_g$ is revealed: $V_e$ has both a major contribution to $n$ and a decisive effect on $E_g$. These results help to promote the development of new semiconductor materials.

This paper shows a novel quantum computing model that solves quantum computing problems based on the degree of entanglement. We show two main theorems: the first theorem shows the quantum circuit that can be used to quantify the concurrence value between two adjacent qubits. The second theorem shows the quantum circuit of a proposed operator, called $M_z$ operator, which can be used to differentiate between the non-orthogonal states in the form $e_1|0〉+e_4|1〉$, with arbitrary accuracy, using the concurrence value. Then, the mathematical machinery for implementing the proposed model and its techniques using the circuit model is investigated extensively.

In this article, the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation is studied, which elucidates the propagation of one-dimensional long magnetoacoustic waves in a cold plasma, dynamic of solitons and Madelung fluids in various nonlinear systems. The Lie symmetry analysis is used to achieve the invariant solution and similarity reduction of the resonance nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The infinitesimal generators, symmetry groups, commutator table and adjoint table have been obtained by the aid of invariance criterion of Lie symmetry. Also, one-dimensional system of subalgebra is constructed with the help of adjoint representation of a Lie group on its Lie algebra. By one-dimensional optimal subalgebra, the main equations are reduced to ordinary differential equations and their invariant solutions are provided. The general conservation theorem has been used to establish a set of non-local and non-trivial conservation laws.

Using finite element modeling based on the COMSOL package, we analyzed the static and dynamic performance of a multistage cryocooler, the coldest stage of which is constituted of thermoelectric legs. Using published data on the achievable parameters of lanthanum-cerium hexaborides, we modeled a single and double-stage thermoelectric cooler. Estimates are also provided for an N-stage cooler. The results can be used for practical realization of additional cooling stages for reaching temperatures below 1.8 K in commercially available cryostats.

In this work, we investigate the perturbed optical solitons to the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation consisting of group velocity dispersion and quintic nonlinearity coefficients, which communicate the propagation of pulses in nonlinear optics. The various kinds of solitons in single and combined forms like dark, singular, dark-singular, bright-dark are derived by Fan-extended sub equation method. Moreover, the singular periodic, triangular type solutions are also obtained. And, we also discuss the stability analysis of the studied nonlinear model with the concept of linear stability, we prove that the governing model is stable. Parametric conditions on physical parameters to ensure the existence criteria of optical solitons are also listed. We also plot 3D profiles for the physical behavior of the obtained solutions by selecting the suitable values of the parameters.

In this paper, for the (3+1)-dimensional extended Jimbo–Miwa equation, by the direct algebraic method, together with the inheritance solving strategy, we construct its interaction solutions among solitons, rational waves, and periodic waves. Meanwhile, we construct its interaction solutions among solitons, breathers, and lumps of any higher orders by an $N$-soliton decomposition algorithm, together with the parameters conjugated assignment and long-wave limit techniques. The highlight of the paper is that by applying new algorithms and new techniques, we obtained different types of new multiwave interaction solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional extended Jimbo–Miwa equation.

This paper addresses finite-time consensus of second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems with impulsive effects. A control protocol contains neighborhood and self state feedback without sign function is proposed for finite-time consensus. By employing Lyapunov stability theory, a new less conservative estimation of energy function is obtained, by solving which, it gets both finite-time consensus and exponential consensus criteria with or without impulsive effects. Moreover, three impulsive types: stability, divergence and no effects, are divided based on strengths of impulse and controller. Examples are provided to demonstrate the correctness of theoretical results and the effectiveness of the finite-time protocol.

In today’s world scenario, many of the real-life problems and application data can be represented with the help of the graphs. Nowadays technology grows day by day at a very fast rate; applications generate a vast amount of valuable data, due to which the size of their representation graphs is increased. How to get meaningful information from these data become a hot research topic. Methodical algorithms are required to extract useful information from these raw data. These unstructured graphs are not scattered in nature, but these show some relationships between their basic entities. Identifying communities based on these relationships improves the understanding of the applications represented by graphs. Community detection algorithms are one of the solutions which divide the graph into small size clusters where nodes are densely connected within the cluster and sparsely connected across. During the last decade, there are lots of algorithms proposed which can be categorized into mainly two broad categories; non-overlapping and overlapping community detection algorithm. The goal of this paper is to offer a comparative analysis of the various community detection algorithms. We bring together all the state of art community detection algorithms related to these two classes into a single article with their accessible benchmark data sets. Finally, we represent a comparison of these algorithms concerning two parameters: one is time efficiency, and the other is how accurately the communities are detected.

This paper is concerned with the problem of constraint control for cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) with input saturation and input-additive uncertainties. An integrated longitudinal kinematic model of CACC system including vehicle model and constant time headway is established taking into account input saturation and input-additive uncertainties. According to the system’s robustness requirements under input saturation, the saturation control method is introduced. In order to achieve robust global stabilization of the system, a low-gain state feedback control law is designed by using linear low-gain feedback and gain scheduling. Meanwhile, in order to avoid the saturation of the control system, the low gain parameter $\beta$ is introduced into the controller design. Finally, the simulation of homogeneous and heterogeneous platoons is carried out by MATLAB/Simulink, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the designed controller. Compared with the SMC controller, saturation controller successfully suppresses the acceleration amplification in the process of propagation along the vehicle platoon, avoids actuator saturation and realizes the stability of CACC system.

Weakly interacting Bose gases confined in a one-dimensional harmonic trap are studied using microcanonical ensemble approaches. Combining number theory methods, I present a new approach to calculate the particle number counting statistics of the ground state occupation. The results show that the repulsive interatomic interactions increase the ground state fraction and suppresses the fluctuation of ground state at low temperature.

The crystal structure and luminescent properties of Al-substituted ${\mathrm{\text{BaFe}}}_{12}{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_{19}$ were studied. It was found that under normal conditions, the samples are characterized by the space group P6₃/mmc. Depending on the ionic radii of the Al and Fe atoms and the concentration of Al atoms, a decrease in the distance between the atoms in the crystal structure and the lattice parameters was observed. ${\mathrm{\text{BaFe}}}_{12-x}{\mathrm{\text{Al}}}_x{\mathrm{\text{O}}}_{19}$ crystals ($x$ = 0.1–1.2) were excited by a laser with a wavelength of 375 nm and 435 nm, to study their luminescent features. From the information obtained from luminescent spectrum, it is seen that with the replacement of magnetic ${\mathrm{\text{Fe}}}^{3+}$ ions by diamagnetic ${\mathrm{\text{Al}}}^{3+}$ ions, the intensity of the spectra increases. During exciting by a laser with a wavelength of 435 nm, anti-Stokes luminescence is observed in the ultraviolet region.

In this paper, a quantum teleportation protocol has been proposed that can simultaneously transmit quantum states in four directions using a single entangled channel. This means that there are four senders who want to transmit state information, and they are Alice, Bob, Charlie, and David. In order to ensure the security of information transmission, the information state of the four is transmitted to four receivers Fancy1, Fancy2, Fancy3, and Fancy4 under the control of the controller Elle. Through unitary transformation and entanglement property, receivers can recover the original quantum state from the four senders, which is easy to implement. The teleportation protocol is perfect.

This research is based on the idea to design the interface structure around the grains and thin layers between two grains, as a possible solution for deep microelectronic parameters integrations. The experiments have been based on nano-BaTiO₃ powders with Y-based additive. The advanced idea is to create the new observed directions to network microelectronic characteristics in thin films coated around and between the grains on the way to get and compare with global results on the samples. Biomimetic similarities are artificial neural networks which could be original method and tools that we use to map input–output data and could be applied on ceramics microelectronic parameters. This mapping is developed in the manner like signals that are processed in real biological neural networks. These signals are processed by using artificial neurons, which have a simple function to process input signal, as well as adjustable parameter which represents sensitivity to inputs. The integrated network output presents practically the large number of inner neurons outputs sum. This original idea is to connect analysis results and neural networks. It is of the great importance to connect microcapacitances by neural network with the goal to compare the experimental results in the bulk samples measurements and microelectronics parameters. The result of these researches is the study of functional relation definition between consolidation parameters, voltage (U), consolidation sintering temperature and relative capacitance change, from the bulk sample surface down to the coating thin films around the grains.